尖翅燕鱼早期胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态观察

Embryonic development and morphological characteristics of larvae and juvenile of Platax teira

  • 摘要: 为了提高尖翅燕鱼 (Platax teira) 的卵孵化率和苗种成活率,并为人工催产和苗种繁育提供理论依据,观察分析了尖翅燕鱼受精卵胚胎发育和仔稚鱼发育的时序特征,对其形态学指标进行测量,推算出仔稚鱼阶段生长特性的回归方程。结果显示,尖翅燕鱼受精卵为浮性卵,直径 (1.29±0.09) mm,卵壳较坚韧,呈黄色透明的球状,单个油球,无黏性。在孵化温度 (26±0.3) ℃、盐度34~36和pH 7.8±0.5条件下,整个胚胎发育经历7个阶段共27个时期,耗时27 h 45 min。初孵仔鱼全长 (3.120±0.349) mm,呈透明状,体表散布着大量分枝叶黄素,先后经历仔鱼期 (0~17 d) 和稚鱼期 (17~25 d),25 d后进入幼鱼期。此时幼鱼鳍棘和鳍条已发育完全,其典型特征为头部、躯干部和尾部各有3条黑色条带,身体呈银白色。统计模型显示,尖翅燕鱼早期阶段生长速度较缓,7日龄后生长加速;8日龄仔鱼出现残食和攻击行为。

     

    Abstract: In order to improve the egg hatching rate and fry survival rate of Tiera batfish (Platax teira), and to provide a theoretical basis for artificial spawning and fry breeding, we observed and analyzed the temporal characteristics of embryonic and juvenile development of fertilized eggs of P. teira, and measured the morphological indexes to derive the regression equations for the growth characteristics of juvenile stages. The results show that the eggs were floating, (1.29±0.09) mm in diameter, with a tough, transparent, yellow spherical shell and a single oil globule that was not sticky. At an incubation temperature of (26±0.3) ℃, salinity of 34–36 and pH 7.8±0.5, the embryos underwent seven stages of development for 27 periods, taking 27 h 45 min. The total length of newly hatched larvae were (3.120±0.349) mm, transparent, with a large amount of branched lutein scatterring on the surface of the body, followed by the juvenile stage (0–17 d) and the larval stage (17–25 d). The juvenile stage was 25 d later, when the fin spines and fin ray were fully developed, typically with three black bands on the head, trunk and tail, and a snowy silvery body color. Statistical models show that the early stages of growth were slow, but accelerated after 7 dah. At 8 dah, the juveniles showed cannibalism and aggressive behavior.

     

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