Abstract: We applied correlation analysis and path analysis to explore the relationship between the body mass and the 12 morphological traits of Elentheronema tetradactylum cultured in indoor circulating aquaculture system and aquaculture pond, which had significant correlation (P<0.05), and the correlation among the morphological traits of E. tetradactylum in the two systems was very significant (P<0.01). The descending order of morphological traits which affected on the body mass of E. tetradactylum in indoor circulating aquaculture system and aquaculture pond were fork length>body length>head length>caudal peduncle height>total length, and total length>caudal peduncle height>fork length>body length>body height, respectively. The path analysis reveals that body length, body height, head length, body width and eye diameter had significant direct effects on the body mass of E. tetradactylum in indoor circulating aquaculture system (P<0.05). The total length, caudal peduncle height, body height, trunk length and head length had significant direct effects on the body mass of E. tetradactylum in aquaculture pond system (P<0.05). Besides, the total decision coefficients of those morphological traits to the body mass were 1.418 and 0.968 in indoor aquaculture system and aquaculture pond, respectively. The results reveal that larger variation coefficient of fish in aquaculture pond is conducive to the breeding of improved species, while more uniform specification of indoor circulating water culture is conducive to production. In different aquaculture environment, the correlation analysis of morphological traits and body mass of E. tetradactylum can provide theoretical basis for its large-scale cultivation and breeding technology optimization.