澳门典型湿地底栖动物群落结构特征

Characteristics of macrozoobenthic community structure in typical wetlands of Macao

  • 摘要: 于2012年12月~2013年9月对澳门4个典型湿地的大型底栖动物群落结构进行了研究。调查共鉴定出底栖动物66种,其中环节动物9种、软体动物45种、甲壳动物8种、鱼类3种。底栖动物种类组成具有河口低盐种、半咸水种和淡水种共存的特点;从物种生活型组成来看,底内型占据优势;从功能群组成来看,浮游生物食性和植食性底栖动物占据优势。最多的物种数出现在莲花大桥滩涂(46种),物种数于采样点间差异显著。沼蛤(Limnoperna fortunei)、多棱角螺(Angulyagra polyzonata)、梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificat)、羽须鳃沙蚕(Dendronereis pinnaticirris)、谭氏泥蟹(Ilyoplax deschampsi)和纹斑棱蛤(Trapezium liratum)是主要的优势种。底栖动物密度呈现出秋季>夏季>冬季>春季的季节变化,生物量呈现出秋季>春季>冬季>夏季的季节变化。多样性分析结果表明,莲花大桥滩涂的物种多样性最高,多样性指数于采样点和季节均无显著差异。

     

    Abstract: We conducted a seasonal investigation on the community structure of macrobenthos in four typical wetlands in Macao from December 2012 to September 2013. A total of 66 species were identified, including 45 species of molluscs, 9 polychaetes, 8 crustaceans and 3 fishes. The macrobenthic species composition in wetlands was characteristized by brackish water species, freshwater species and estuarial low salinity species. Bottom-type species dominated in the life form composition, herbivorous and plankton feeders dominated in functional feeding composition. The species occurred in Lotus Flower Bridge Flat (46 species) most. Two-Way analysis of variance show that there was significant difference in species number among different seasons. Limnoperna fortunei, Angulyagra polyzonata, Bellamya purificat, Dendronereis pinnaticirris, Ilyoplax deschampsi and Trapezium liratum were the main dominant species. The descending order of macrobenthos density was autumn > summer>winter>spring. The descending order of biomass was autumn>spring>winter>summer. Shannon-Wiener species diversity and Pielou evenness indices were the highest in Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, but no significant difference was detected in the two indices among different seasons and sampling sites.

     

/

返回文章
返回