Abstract: Environment organisms were collected from the culture ponds of Haliotis diversicolor, and had been classified and gathered respectively. Vibrios were selected by TCBS plate and identified by phenotypic characterizatioin. Counting method with coating on TCBS plate was applied to estimate the vibrios number in different sample. The PCR methods based on the 16S~23S rDNA sequences primers, were applied to detect 4 species aquatic pathogenic vibrios. There were vibrios allover the environment of abalone pond. And vibrios in pond water are much higher than that in influent. In aquaculture environment, it is quite different for the vibrios in per gram among all sorts of organisms. The Hydroides, Ligidaes and Isopods have the most vibrio quantity. However, the Ascidians has the minimal quantity. As a result of using 4 species pathogen probes,the positive rate of Vibrio alginolyticus and V. vulnificus is 3.4%. It can be provided references for preventing the epidemic diseases by studying the distribution of vibrios in environment of abalone culture pond.