Seasonal changes of species composition and diversity of fishes in coastal waters of Hainan Island, China
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摘要:
根据2006年~2007年间在海南岛近岸海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查资料，分析了该海域鱼类物种组成和生物多样性特征。发现该海域鱼类种类较为丰富，调查共采集到鱼类292种，隶属于21目100科172属；其中暖水性种类数占83.32%，暖温性种类数占16.78%；与中国黄渤海共有种76种，与东海共有种220种，与南海大陆架、大陆坡和南海诸岛海域共有种分别为279种、42种和51种。鱼类优势种[相对重要性指数(IRI)>500]依次为发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)、斑鳍天竺鱼(Apogonichthys carinatus)、黄斑鲾(Leiognathus bindus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)、大头白姑鱼(Argyrosomus macrocephalus)、
Abstract:In base of the data of the trawl surveys from 2006 to 2007, we investigate the species composition and diversity of fishes in the coastal waters of Hainan Island. The results show that the area is rich in fishes with 292 species collected, belonging to 21 orders, 100 families and 172 genera. Warm-water and warm-temperate species account for 83.32% and 16.78% of the total number of species, respectively. Mutual species in the coastal waters of Hainan Island with the Yellow-Bohai Sea and East China Sea are 76 and 220, respecitively; those with the continental shelf, continental slope and waters around islands in South China Sea are 279, 42 and 51, respectively. The dominant fish species with IRI index >500 are: Acropoma japonicum, Apogonichthys carinatus, Leiognathus bindus, Johnius belengeri, Argyrosomus macrocephalus, Therapon theraps, Gastrophysus spadiceus and Bregmaceros macclellandi. Five indices of species diversity based on biomass are used for analysis, and seasonal dynamics of replacement index and migratory index are also applied to assess the stability of fish community. Results indicate that the fish diversity is high in the waters; the fish species in adjacent seasons are similar, and the community becomes unstable because of seasonal migration of fish.
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Keywords:
- fish diversity /
- dominant species /
- coastal waters of Hainan Island /
- seasonal change
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南沙海域位于北纬3°40′~12°00′，东经108°30′~118°00′，面积约82万平方公里，有230多个岛礁分布其中，是我国神圣疆域不可分割的一个部分。南沙海域地处交通要冲，自然资源丰富，不仅是我国渔民传统的作业渔场，更是建设21世纪海上丝绸之路的战略基地，在我国海洋强国战略和国民经济发展体系中占据无可替代的重要地位。
近年来，围绕南海主权尤其是南沙岛礁主权的争端日趋频繁，六国七方纷争，局面复杂，我国南海主权维护面临严峻态势。目前南海渔业依然是我国南海维权最现实的重要手段，具有“屯海戍边”的战略意义。为了践行党中央、国务院关于“开发南沙，渔业先行”战略决策，充分发挥科技对南海现代渔业的引领和支撑作用，在农业部、财政部的大力支持下，“南海渔业资源调查与评估”项目(以下简称“南锋”专项)于2012年底正式立项，由中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所承担。项目的实施，将为南沙渔业开发、管理以及主权斗争提供科学依据和技术支撑。
2013年，“南锋”专项针对南沙海域开展了4个航次的系统调查，累计海上调 查138天，航行2.1万海里，调查范围覆盖了南 沙群岛及邻近逾80万平方公里的海域，最远处到达了北纬3°58′的曾母暗沙，这不仅是建国以来南沙海域历次渔业调查中范围最广、时间最长、手段最先进的一次大规模调查，更是新形势下落实国家持续推进南海战略、切实加强海洋维权的一次重要科考，取得了丰硕的工作成果。
本期“南沙群岛及邻近海域综合调查研究专刊”是对“南锋”专项阶段性成果之总结，共收录18篇学术论文，内容涵盖南沙海域渔业资源、生态环境、捕捞技术、高值化加工及渔业管理等多个学科的最新研究成果，将为今后南沙渔业资源的合理开发利用、生态环境保护等提供重要的基础资料。
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所所长 “南海渔业资源调查与评估”项目总协调人 江世贵 2015年8月 -
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图 2 海南岛近岸海域鱼类群落更替指数和迁移指数的季节变化
Figure 2. Seasonal changes of replacement index (AI) and migration index (MI) of fish community in coastal waters of Hainan Island
表 1 海南岛近岸海域鱼类4季种类组成
Table 1 Fish species compositions in the coastal waters of Hainan Island by seasons
目 order 科 family 属 genus 种 species 数量
number比例
%数量
number比例
%数量
number比例
%数量
number比例
%春 spring 17 80.95 74 74 109 63.37 159 54.45 夏 summer 21 100.00 75 75 114 66.28 171 58.56 秋 autumn 18 85.71 73 73 113 65.70 174 59.59 冬 winter 17 80.95 77 77 119 69.19 187 74.21 四季 all seasons 21 100 172 292 
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表 2 鱼类多样性指数的季节变化
Table 2 Seasonal variation of biodiversity indices of fish species
季节
season种类数
species numberD H′ C J′ 指标 index 排序 rank 指标 index 排序 rank 指标 index 排序 rank 指标 index 排序 rank 春 spring 159 19.34 3 2.21 4 0.74 4 0.44 4 夏 summer 171 17.71 4 2.49 3 0.81 3 0.48 3 秋 autumn 174 23.49 2 3.16 2 0.88 2 0.61 2 冬 winter 187 26.33 1 3.51 1 0.94 1 0.67 1
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表 3 各季节间的鱼类相似性指数(Js)
Table 3 Jaccard similarity index (Js) of fish species among seasons
季节
season春
spring夏
summer秋
autumn冬
winter春 spring 0.54 0.45 0.48 夏 summer 0.48 0.47 秋 autumn 0.48 冬 winter
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表 4 海南岛近岸海域四季暖温性、暖水性鱼类组成比例
Table 4 Composition of warm temperature and warm water species in coastal waters of Hainan Island in different seasons
季节
season种类数
species number暖水性鱼类 warm-water species 暖温性鱼类 warm-temperature species 数量number 比例/% 数量number 比例/% 春 spring 159 132 83.02 27 16.98 夏 summer 171 145 84.79 26 15.20 秋 autumn 174 150 86.21 24 13.79 冬 winter 187 156 83.42 31 16.58
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