Abstract: We compared the effects of different carbon sources, nitrogen sources and inorganic salts on fermentation yield of oceanic red yeast (Rhodotorula sp.) RH1. By four factors and three levels orthogonal test, the optimum fermentation conditions for RH1 were determined: peptone 10 gL-1, yeast extract 15 gL-1, glucose 20 gL-1, MgSO4 0.25 gL-1, KH2PO4 0.25 gL-1, NaCl 10 gL-1, inoculation amount 10%, initial pH 5.0, temperature 28 ℃, 80 ml medium in 500 ml triangle bottle, and fermentation time 48 h. Under above conditions, the cell biomass of RH1 can reach 10.46108 cfumL-1, which increases by 23.9% as compared with the fermentation before optimization. An experiment of expanded culture is also conducted in a 25 L fermentation tank. The cell biomass of RH1 increased to 33.6108 cfumL-1 in 28 h under the conditions of inoculation amount 8%, initial pH 5.0, revolution speed350~400 rmin-1, air ventilation volume9 Lmin-1 and temperature 28 ℃. It is expected to further increase the biomass of strain RH1 by continuous filling of the materials.