Abstract: The living creature is formed through billions of years′ development and evolution. It is the basic material that human being bases on for existence. Scientists and technologists have made extensive researches toward protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity, and have achieved great progress. This article reviewed the status, utilization and protection of aquatic biodiversity in China and foreign countries with emphasis on the research techniques, international collaboration and protection measures of fish diversity. In addition, the application of biotechnology in aquatic biodiversity research was discussed in this paper.