GIS-based comprehensive assessment of marine ecological environment quality in Daya Bay
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摘要:
根据2005年5月的调查资料，设计了基于GIS的环境质量综合评价模型，从水体污染、初级生产力、生物资源等方面对大亚湾海域生态环境的质量状况进行了综合评价，并对环境质量的空间分布趋势进行了模拟和分析。结果表明，大亚湾海域环境质量综合指数为0.71±0.0568，处于“较好”水平。水体营养水平偏高和浮游植物生物量偏高、多样性偏低是目前大亚湾海域生态环境状况的主要特征。从环境质量的空间分布趋势来看，评价海域依综合指数的级别，划分为3个区域，质量很好区、质量较好区和临界区，分别占总评价海域面积的2.27%、93.41%和4.32%，其质量综合指数平均值分别为0.80±0.0015、0.71±0.0434、0.54±0.0304。
Abstract:Based on the investigation data in May 2005, a GIS-based evaluation model was made, then the present status of the ecological environment quality in Daya Bay was accessed and the spatial distribution patterns of the quality were simulated. The results showed that the comprehensive quality index of the whole assessed sea area was 0.71±0.0568, which indicated the quality status was at the "better" level. There were three defects exposed in this assessment: eutrophic level of the water and the phytoplankton abundance were higher, the phytoplankton diversity was lower. The simulation of the environment quality′s spatial distribution patterns showed the whole maritime space assessed could be divided to three regions according to the grade of ecological environment quality: "the region with best quality", "the region with better quality", and "the region with fair quality", occupied 2.27%, 93.41% and 4.32% of the total area of waters assessed, the average comprehensive quality index were 0.80±0.0015, 0.71±0.0434 and 0.54±0.0304, respectively.
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Keywords:
- Daya Bay /
- GIS /
- environmental quality /
- assessment model
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图 1 大亚湾海域生态环境调查站位
Figure 1. Sampling stations for the ecological environment investigation in Daya Bay
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图 2 大亚湾海域各单项指标环境质量空间分布图
Figure 2. The simulation of spatial distribution patterns of each indicator′s ecological environment quality in Daya Bay
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图 3 大亚湾海域生态环境质量综合评价图
Figure 3. The simulation of spatial distribution patterns of the ecological environment quality in Daya Bay
表 1 大亚湾海域环境质量综合评价指标体系和管理目标
Table 1 Indicators and management objectives for the Daya Bay ecological environment quality comprehensive assessment
指标
indicator管理目标
management objective相关文献
reference溶解态无机氮/mg·L-1(DIN)
dissolved inorganic nitrogen≤0.2 海水水质标准GB3097-1997
sea water quality standard GB3097-1997活性磷酸盐/mg·L-1(PO43--P)
reactive phosphate≤0.015 海水水质标准GB3097-1997
sea water quality standard GB3097-1997有机污染指数(A) organic pollutant index ≤1 [7]~[10] 营养水平指数(E) eutrophic level index ≤0.5 [7]~[10] 初级生产力/mgC·m-3·d-1(PP)
primary productivity≥600 [7]~[10] 浮游植物多样性指数(DI) phytoplankton diversity index ≥3.5 [7]~[8] 浮游植物丰度/×104 ind·m-3(P) phytoplankton abundance ≤20 [7]~[8]、[11] 浮游动物生物量/mg·m-3(Z) zooplankton biomass ≥100 [7]~[8]、[11] 底栖生物生物量/g·m-2(B) zoobenthos biomass ≥100 [7]~[8]、[11] 
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表 2 大亚湾海域生态环境质量分级
Table 2 Grade for ecological environment quality of Daya Bay
项目 item 生态环境质量分级 grade for ecological environment quality 指数范围 index range 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1 质量状态 quality state 很差 较差 临界状态 较好 很好
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表 3 大亚湾海域生态环境质量评价结果
Table 3 Assessment results for the Daya Bay ecological environment quality
区域
region面积/km2
area面积比/%
area ratio平均质量综合指数
synthetic index mean临界状态区 region with fair quality state 12.43 4.32 0.54±0.0304 质量较好区 region with better quality state 268.69 93.41 0.71±0.0434 质量很好区 region with best quality state 6.54 2.27 0.80±0.0015 全部评价区域 whole assessment region 287.66 100 0.71±0.0568
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表 4 大亚湾海域各环境质量区域范围内的质量分指数平均值
Table 4 Environment quality fractional index mean in every environment quality region of Daya Bay
区域
region溶解态无机氮
(DIN)活性磷酸盐
(PO43--P)有机污染指数
(A)营养水平指数
(E)初级生产力
(PP)浮游植物多样性指数
(DI)浮游植物丰度
(P)浮游动物生物量
(Z)底栖生物生物量
(B)临界状态区
region with fair quality state1.00 0.59 0.66 0.29 0.75 0.35 0.0037 1.00 0.23 质量较好区
region with better quality state1.00 0.80 0.94 0.58 0.69 0.39 0.0044 1.00 1.00 质量很好区
region with best quality state1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.71 0.51 0.0131 1.00 1.00 全部评价区域
whole assessment region1.00 0.80 0.93 0.57 0.69 0.39 0.0046 1.00 0.96
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