The status of the research on disease of Sanguinicolidae in marine fishes
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摘要:
海水血居吸虫(Sanguinicolidae)病是严重影响一些重要商业鱼(金枪鱼、琥珀鱼等)养殖发展的一大疾病。该病具有一年一次流行高峰的流行特点，其流行要求一定的水温范围。血居吸虫感染养殖鱼，常常引起高感染率和高死亡率。在同一海区，原来寄生于野生鱼体内的血居吸虫可通过一定途径感染养殖鱼并造成流行，引起重大的经济损失。根据近几十年国内外对该病的研究，对海水鱼血居科吸虫病的危害现状、流行病学规律以及综合防治等方面进行了综合评述，总结了血居科吸虫病的研究现状及研究中亟待解决的问题，为进一步开展对该病的综合防治研究提供科学理论依据。
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关键词:
- 血居科(Sanguinicolidae) /
- 流行病 /
- 生物学特性 /
- 免疫 /
- 综合防治
Abstract:The disease of sanguinicolid trematodes (Sanguinicolidae) has a serious impact on the aquaculture of some commercial important fishes (tuna, amberjack, etc). It occurs once a year, and its prevalence needs a certain water temperature range. The rates of infection and death are usually high in cultured fishes. Sanguinicolids from the wild fishes can infect the cultured ones in the same sea area, leading to heavy economic losses. Here we reviewed the recent studies on this disease, including the hazards, epidemic features and integrated control methods used recently. At the same time we summarized the problems need to be solved urgently. It can be a reference for further study on the control of the disease.
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Keywords:
- Sanguinicolidae /
- epidemic /
- biological characteristic /
- immunity /
- integrated control
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图 1 A.simplex的生活史过程(在10℃水温实验条件下)
Figure 1. The life cycle of A.simplex (under 10℃ water temperature in laboratory)
表 1 海水养殖鱼感染血居科吸虫的病例
Table 1 The cases of cultured marine fish infected with sanguinicolid trematodes
血居科吸虫名称
Sanguinicolidae属名
genus鱼类宿主
fish-host寄生部位
sites报道时间
published time感染地点
sites of prevalence感染率/死亡率
prevalence/mortality流行水温/℃
water temperature文献
literature中华拟德氏吸虫 (Paradeonacylix sinensis Liu) 拟德氏吸虫属 (Paradeontacylix McIntosh, 1934) 红鳍东方鲀 (Fugu rubripe) 肝、心脏 2005.5~2005.8 宁德、罗源、连江 感染、死亡率70%~100% － [12]~[13] 住心吸虫 Cardicola forsteri 住心吸虫属 (Cardicola Short, 1953) 金枪鱼 (Thunnus maccoyii) 心脏、鳃部 2004.3~2004.8 澳大利亚南部林肯港 感染率35%~100%M强度为0-99 14.00~20.75 [14] 拟德氏属吸虫 Paradeontacylix spp 拟德氏吸虫属 (Paradeontacylix McIntosh, 1934) 无鳔石首鱼 (Seriola lalandi) 心脏、鳃部 2005.11 澳大利亚 － [15] 血居科吸虫(未定种) subfamily Cardicolinae.(未定属) 海水鲤科鱼 (Sparus aurata) 肾脏 1999~2000 西班牙、新西兰 感染率82.6%~100%，每日死亡率0.01~0.1% 12~15 [16] 住心吸虫 Cardicola forsteri 住心吸虫属 (Cardicola Short, 1953) 金枪鱼 (Thunnus thynnus) 心脏 2004 卡罗莱纳州北部 － [17] 住心吸虫 Cardicola ambrosioi 住心吸虫属 (Cardicola Short, 1953) 巴西鲬 (Percophis brasiliensis) 肝脏、鳃血管 2005.3~2005.7 阿根廷Mar del Plata海域 感染率3.3%强度12.5/尾. － [1] 血居吸虫 Sanguinicola maritimus* 血居吸虫属 (Sanguinicola Plehn, 1905) Notolabrus parilus和Notolabrus tetricus 心脏、肠血管 2000.1 澳大利亚西部、塔斯马尼亚 感染强度为3 － [18] Aporocotyle simplex** Aporocotyle Odhner, 1900 Pleuronectes platessa、Limanda limanda、Hippoglossides platessoides 心脏动脉管、鳃 1981.12~1982.9 丹麦 长圆形100%感染，强度50，15cm以上者为80% － [19] 拟德氏属吸虫 Paradeontacylix grandispinus和Paradeontacylix Kampachi 拟德氏吸虫属 (Paradeontacylix McIntosh, 1934) 巨大琥珀鱼 (Seriola dumerili) 鳃、血管 12~3月 日本Shikoku岛 大量死亡 － [20] 拟德氏属吸虫 Paradeontacylix grandispinus或Paradeontacylix kampachi*** 拟德氏吸虫属 (Paradeontacylix McIntosh, 1934) 巨大琥珀鱼 (Seriola dumerili) 血液循环系统 5月 日本
Kenkyu大量死亡 － [21] 拟德氏属吸虫 Paradeontacylix 拟德氏吸虫属 (Paradeontacylix McIntosh, 1934) 0龄和1龄的琥珀鱼 (Seriola dumerili) 血液循环系统 1992, 1994 马略卡岛、加泰罗尼亚 大量死亡 － [9]~[10] 住心吸虫 Cardicola forsteri 住心吸虫属 (Cardicola Short, 1953) 金枪鱼 (Thunnus maccoyii) 血管 2000 斯滨塞海湾 感染率100%
强度为27－ [22] 注：*. 这是首次在澳大利亚报道血居吸虫属吸虫寄生于海水鱼，早1986年就有该属吸虫寄生海水鱼的报道；* *. Aporocotyle simplex的中间宿主Artacama proboscidea的平均感染率为6.8%；* * *. OGAWA 1989和1993年在日本养殖的琥珀鱼鳃的组织病理切片中发现1 000多个拟德氏属吸虫的虫卵
Note：*. This is the first time that marine fishes were infected with blood flukes of Sanguinicola in Australia, though it was recorded elsewhere as early as in 1986;* *.The average ratio that Aporocotyle simplex infects its intermediate host Srtacama proboscidea is 6.8%;* * *.OGAWA(1989, 1993)observed over 1 000 eggs of Paradeontacylix flukes in a gill section of cultured amberjack in Japan.
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表 2 海水血居吸虫的24个属及其可寄生的部分海水鱼
Table 2 24 genuses of marine sanguinicolid trematodes and some marine fishes infected
血居科吸虫属名
Sanguinicolidae定属作者
denominator年份
year可寄生的部分海水鱼
some marine fishes can be infectedAporocotyle ODHNER 1900 比目鱼 血居吸虫属 (Sanguinicola) PLEHN 1905 多斑丽鲷 Deontacylix LINTON 1910 鱼源吸虫属 (Psettarium) GOTO和OZAKI 1930 红鳍圆鲀、南澳圆鲀、军曹鱼、黄铜石斑鱼 拟德氏吸虫属 (Paradeontacylix) MCINTOSH 1934 鲀科，红鳍东方鲀鲹科，琥珀鱼 住心吸虫属 (Cardicola) SHORT 1953 鲭科，金枪鱼、鲔鱼 Selachohemecus SHORT 1954 真鲨科，黑边鳍白眼鲛 拟住心吸虫属 (Paracardicola) MARTIN 1960 河豚 Chimaerohemecus VAN DER LAND 1967 银鲛科，箕竹兔银鲛 新拟住心吸虫属 (Neoparacardicola) YAMAGUTI 1970 马鲅科 (Polynemidae) Orchispirium MADHAVI和HANUMANTHA RAO 1970 海水 
Metaplehniella LEBEDEV和PARUKHIN 1972 Psettarioides LEBEDEV和PARUKHIN 1972 军曹鱼科，军曹鱼 Hyperandrotrema MAILLARD和KTARI 1978 鲨目 伪住心吸虫属 (Pseudocardicola) PARUKHIN 1985 养殖鱼 Pearsonellum OVERSTREET和K∅IE 1989 鮨科，鮨鱼 Cruoricola HERBERT, SHAHAROM-HARRISON和OVERSTREET 1994 锯盖鱼科，金目鲈 拟血居吸虫属 (Parasanguinicola) HERBERT和SHAHAROM-HARRISON 1995 锯盖鱼科，金目鲈 Elaphrobates BULLARD和OVERSTREET 2003 笛鲷科 Adelomyllos NOLAN和CRIBB 2004 鮨科，鮨鱼 Ankistromeces NOLAN和CRIBB 2004 单棘鲀科，斑头似马面鲀 Chaulioleptos NOLAN和CRIBB 2005 马鲅科 (Polynemidae) Braya NOLAN和CRIBB 2006 鹦嘴鱼科，蓝点鹦哥鱼 Phthinomita NOLAN和CRIBB 2006 鹦嘴鱼科，鳈纹刺尾鲷 注：BULLARD提出Psettarioides 和Psettarium为同一个属，是同属异名[2]
Note：BULLARD suggested that Psettarioides and Psettarium should be the same genus, i.e.they′re synonymous[2].
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