厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究

常抗美, 吴剑锋

常抗美, 吴剑锋. 厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究[J]. 南方水产科学, 2007, 3(3): 26-30.
引用本文: 常抗美, 吴剑锋. 厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究[J]. 南方水产科学, 2007, 3(3): 26-30.
CHANG Kangmei, WU Jianfeng. Study on artificial propagation of mussel Mytilus coruscus[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2007, 3(3): 26-30.
Citation: CHANG Kangmei, WU Jianfeng. Study on artificial propagation of mussel Mytilus coruscus[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2007, 3(3): 26-30.

厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究

基金项目: 

浙江省重大科技攻关项目 2004C13006

详细信息
    作者简介:

    常抗美(1951-), 男, 高级工程师, 从事海水养殖技术的研究。E-mail: changkangmei@yahoo.com.cn

  • 中图分类号: S968.31+2

Study on artificial propagation of mussel Mytilus coruscus

  • 摘要:

    厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)是我国贻贝的主要养殖品种,其苗种主要依靠天然苗种和半人工采苗获得。2006年浙江海洋学院于嵊泗县石柱育苗厂,首次突破了厚壳贻贝规模化全人工繁殖和稚贝海区中间培育技术。研究结果表明,厚壳贻贝亲贝通过室内强化培养,经人工催产可获得成熟受精卵,受精率可达95%。在水温16℃时,受精卵在受精后25 min出现第一极体,受精后39 h 50 min发育至直线绞合幼虫期,胚胎孵化率达92%,在水温15.8~21℃的条件下,经39 d室内人工培育,获平均壳长0.694 mm的附着稚贝1 304.7×104 ind; 附着稚贝经102 d海区中间培育,获平均壳长13.95 mm的稚贝404.46×104 ind,海区保苗成活率达31%。该研究结果为今后厚壳贻贝大规模苗种生产奠定了重要理论和技术基础。

    Abstract:

    Mytilus coruscus is one of the most important species of mussels cultured in China. To date, most of seedlings cultured are collected directly from nature. In 2006, artificial breeding and larval nursery techniques of M.coruscus were successfully accomplished for the first time in China by Zhejiang Ocean University in Shizhu Breeding and Propagation Farm in Shengsi County. Results showed that after intensive culture, the parental mussels can mature enough and produce normal sperm and eggs under artificial conditions. A 95% of the insemination rate could be obtained through artificial insemination. The first polar body appeared in 25 min after insemination under the temperature 16℃. After 39 hours and 50 minutes, the embryos developed successfully into the straight hinge stage with a hatching rate of 92%. After 39 days of intensive nursery, 13.047 million mussel larvae settled with average shell length of 0.69 mm under the temperature 15.8~21℃. Then the mussel larvae were moved to open sea area. And 102 days later, 4.045 million of mussel seedlings were obtained with average shell length of 13.95 mm. The survival rate was 31%. This technique would provide a basis for large scale production of artificial mussel seedlings in the future.

  • 表  1   厚壳贻贝幼虫饵料投喂数量表

    Table  1   The amount of bait provided for different larvae stages of M.coruscus 104 ind · mL-1

    幼虫期别
    developmental stage
    饵料品种  kinds of bait
    等鞭金藻
    Isochrysis sp
    微绿球藻
    Nannochloropsis oculata
    小硅藻
    Nitzschia closterium
    扁藻
    Platymonas sp
    直线铰合幼虫至壳顶初期幼虫
    from straight hinge to early umbo-veliger larva stage
    0.5~1.5 1.0~2.0 0.5~1.0
    壳顶初期幼虫至壳顶中期幼虫
    from early to fully grown umbo-veliger larva stage
    1.0~2.0 1.0~1.5 1.0~2.0 0.1~0.2
    壳顶中期幼虫至壳顶后期幼虫
    from fully grown to late umbo-veliger larva stage
    2.0~3.0 2.0~3.0 2.0~3.0 0.2~0.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   厚壳贻贝胚胎发育时序表[1, 3, 6]

    Table  2   Time-table of the embryonic development of M.coruscus

    发育时间/h: min
    time of embryonic development
    胚胎发育时相
    stages of embryonic development
    发育时间/h: min
    time of embryonic development
    胚胎发育时相
    stages of embryonic development
    00:00 受精卵 02:45 第三次分割
    00:25 第一极体 02:55 8细胞
    00:35 第二极体 03:15 16细胞
    00:45 第一极叶 03:45 32细胞
    01:05 第一次分割 04:25 桑椹期
    01:15 2细胞 07:50 囊胚期
    01:35 第二极叶 09:50 原肠期
    01:45 第二次分割 18:25 担轮幼虫
    01:55 4细胞 39:50 直线绞合幼虫
    02:35 第三极叶
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   厚壳贻贝幼体与紫贻贝生长速度比较表

    Table  3   The comparison of larvae growth between M.edulis and M.coruscus mm

    日期
    date
    品种
    species
    幼体生长 larvae growth
    第1日
    1st day
    第3日
    3thday
    第5日
    5thday
    第7日
    7thday
    第9日
    9thday
    第11日
    11thday
    第13日
    13thday
    第15日
    15thday
    第17日
    17thday
    06.4.10
    Apr.10th 2006
    厚壳贻贝
    M.coruscus
    0.111× 0.078 0.126× 0.095 0.144× 0.109 0.165× 0.125 0.197× 0.156 0.217× 0.182 0.239× 0.207 0.262× 0.233 0.278× 0.251*
    06.3.28
    Mar. 28th 2006
    紫贻贝
    M.edulis
    0.107× 0.075 0.124× 0.095 0.143× 0.108 0.163× 0.128 0.195× 0.165 0.214× 0.185 0.235× 0.210 0.265× 0.235 0.280× 0.255*
    注: 水温18~21℃; *. 眼点出现; 个体大小为长×高
    Note: Temperature 18~21℃; * Means the occurrence of eyespot; Individual size is length×height.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   厚壳贻贝幼体与紫贻贝幼体培育密度和成活率比较表

    Table  4   The comparative analysis of M.edulis and M.coruscus on larvae density and survive rate ind · mL-1; %

    日期
    date
    品种
    species
    幼体生长larvae growth
    第1日
    1st day
    第3日
    3thday
    第5日
    5thday
    第7日
    7thday
    第9日
    9thday
    第11日
    11thday
    第13日
    13thday
    第15日
    15thday
    第17日
    17thday
    06.4.10
    Apr.10th 2006
    厚壳贻贝
    M.coruscus
    18/100 16.4/91 14.0/78 13.5/75 10.4/58 9.4/52 7.2/40 6.3/35 4.5*/25
    06.3.28
    Mar. 28th 2006
    紫贻贝
    M.edulis
    15.5/100 14.4/93 13.2/85 12.4/80 11.6/75 9.9/64 8.8/57 7.0/45 5.7*/37
    注: 水温18~21℃; *. 眼点出现
    Note:Temperature 18~21℃; * Means the occurrence of eyespot.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2007-02-01
  • 修回日期:  2007-02-25
  • 刊出日期:  2007-06-04

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