Abstract: Microalgal technology is a developing technology built on phycology, phytoplankton ecology and aquatic ecosystem. Generally, it focused on taking full advantage of physiological and ecological characters of phytoplankton, and then, built up a systemic technology for control and optimization on ecology system of aquatic environment. The study on technology of microalgae ecological management in aquaculture was reviewed in this paper, further research and application of it to shrimp culture was put forward.