栅栏技术在淡腌半干鲈鱼加工工艺中的应用

Application of hurdle technology in light pickled semi-dry processing of bass

  • 摘要: 为开发大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides,简称鲈鱼)淡腌加工制品,研究了淡腌半干鲈鱼的加工工艺。运用栅栏技术,通过分析淡腌半干鲈鱼加工过程各主要栅栏因子对制品的感官品质、风味和细菌总数的影响,优化前处理、腌制工艺(食盐、糖、酒、柠檬酸、腌制温度和时间)、干燥工艺(干燥方式、温度和水分活度)和包装工艺(包装前处理、杀菌方式、包装方式)等多种栅栏因子,获得最佳生产工艺。结果表明,鲈鱼前处理选择4 g·L-1柠檬酸进行浸泡清洗,采用食盐60 g·L-1,糖20 g·L-1,酒体积分数1.5%,在4 ℃腌制4 h,在(30±2)℃热泵干燥机中烘12 h,产品水分活度(Aw)控制在0.88左右,将产品真空包装在0~4 ℃放置24 h后进行巴氏杀菌(85 ℃,杀菌30 min),能很好地保持产品品质和风味,有效降低微生物数量,延长保质期,经贮藏实验表明淡腌鲈鱼半干制品在4 ℃条件下可贮藏2个月以上。

     

    Abstract: To develop light-pickled bass products, we study the processing technology of light pickled semi-dry bass (Micropterus salmoides) by investigating the effects of different hurdles on the sensory quality, flavor and microbial of products during processing via hurdle technology. We optimized several pretreatment and curing factors (salt, sugar, wine, citric acid, curing temperature and time), drying process drying way, temperature and water activity (Aw) and package process (package treatment, sterilization way and package way) so as to determine the best processing technology. The optimal conditions are listed as follows:4 g·L-1 citric acid to clean the material; 60 g·L-1 salt, 20 g·L-1 sugar and 1.5% wine to cure bass for 4 h at 4 ℃; drying for 12 h at (30±2)℃; controlling the best Aw 0.883 of product; vacuum packaging; 24 h of 0~4 ℃ treatment before pasteurization at 85 ℃ for 30 min. Thus, the light-salted bass products were improved so that they can still hold good quality and special flavor, reduce microbial and be stored for a long time. The products under 4 ℃ can be preserved for more than two months.

     

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