养殖密度对凡纳滨对虾杂交和自交子一代生长与成活的影响

Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of inbred and hybrid offspring of Litopenaeus vannamei

  • 摘要: 为开展适合高密度养殖的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)新品系选育提供参考,以不同国家和地区的8个凡纳滨对虾养殖群体作为亲本,构建8个子代群体;在80尾· m-2、200尾· m-2和400尾· m-2养殖密度下研究各群体生长、成活性状。结果表明,养殖密度对各群体生长、成活性状有显著影响(P < 0.05),随着养殖密度增大,生长、成活指标呈下降趋势。80尾· m-2养殖密度下的生长比速和成活率分别为8.29~10.38 g · d-1平均(9.29±2.14)g · d-1和66.7%~96.7%平均(82.9±10.5)%,显著高于200尾· m-2和400尾· m-2的生长、成活指标(P < 0.05)。3个养殖密度下各群体间生长、成活性状有显著差异(P < 0.05)。美国凡纳滨对虾改良公司(SIS)♀×SIS♂生长优势明显,生长比速较群体均值提高10.4%~17.9%;海大选育(HD)♀×粤海选育(YH)♂成活优势明显,成活率较群体均值提高9.3%~13.7%;YH♀×中兴1号(ZX)♂和YH♀×科纳湾种虾(K)♂生长比速、成活率均高于群体均值,表现出生长快成活率高双重优良性状,可留作育种材料进行下一步选育。

     

    Abstract: In order to provide references for developing high-density breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei, we established eight progeny populations based on eight different broodstock populations to investigate the growth and survival of the inbred and hybrid offspring of L.vannamei at different stocking densities (80 ind · m-2, 200 ind · m-2, 400 ind · m-2). The results show that stocking density had great effect on growth and survival of different populations (P < 0.05). At stocking density of 80 ind · m-2, the specific growth rate was 8.29~10.38 g · d-1average (9.29±2.14) g · d-1 and the survival rate was 66.7%~96.7% average (82.9±10.5)%, significantly higher than those at stocking density of 200 ind · m-2 and 400 ind · m-2 (P < 0.05). The growth and survival rate of L.vannamei reduced with increasing stocking density. Significant difference was found in growth and survival among different offspring of L.vannamei at three stocking densities. SIS♀×SIS♂ grew fast, higher than average values by 11.7%, 17.9% and 10.4% at stocking densities of 80 ind · m-2, 200 ind · m-2 and 400 ind · m-2, respectively. HD♀×YH♂ had higher survival rate which were higher than average values by 13.7%, 9.3% and 9.5% at three stocking densities of 80 ind · m-2, 200 ind · m-2 and 400 ind · m-2, respectively. YH♀×ZX♂ and YH♀×K♂ showed superior phenotype traits of growth and survival rate. It is suggested that SIS♀×SIS♂, HD♀×YH♂, YH♀×ZX♂ and YH♀×K♂ could be kept as breeding materials for next selective breeding.

     

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