Abstract: The proliferation of Oscillatoria chlorine will release toxins which are harmful to prawn growth in the aquaculture ponds. We investigated the limiting concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe³⁺) to the growth of O.chlorine as well as the effects of different N, P and Fe³⁺ concentrations on chlorophyll a content and dry weight of O.chlorine. The results show that N concentration < 0.06 mg·L^-1, P concentration < 9.93×10^-2 mg·L^-1 and >1.99 mg·L^-1, and Fe³⁺ concentration < 2.58×10^-2 mg·L^-1 and > 51.67 mg·L^-1, limited the increase of chlorophyll a content; N concentration < 12.36 mg·L^-1, P concentration < 9.93×10^-3 mg·L^-1 and the Fe³⁺ concentration < 5.16×10^-3 mg·L^-1 and > 51.67mg·L^-1, limited the increase of dry weight. The threshold concentrations of N, P and Fe³⁺for the growth of O.chlorine were 0.06 mg·L^-1, 9.93×10^-3 mg·L^-1 and 5.16×10^-3 mg·L^-1, respectively. The combined concentrations which limited the increase of chlorophyll a contents and dry weight of O.chlorine were 7.42 mg·L^-1 of N, 4.96×10^-2 mg·L^-1 of P and 5.16×10^-3 mg·L^-1 of Fe³⁺, respectively. Nitrogen had the strongest effect on chlorophyll a content and dry weight, followed by Fe³⁺ and P. It is suggested that the rapid proliferation of the O.chlorine might be controlled through water exchange or circulation to reduce the dissolved nitrogen content in the aquaculture ponds.