Abstract: Landing survey is one of the main methods for fishery resources survey. According to the landing survey data collected in Hainan Island from April 2010 to August 2011, we conducted a statistical analysis for the total landing catch, species composition and gear type to evaluate the current status of exploitation of marine fishery resources in the South China Sea and to provide advices for fisheries management. The result shows that in Hainan Island: 1) The percentage of juvenile fish is over 40%, but the sum of percentage of commercial species including Decapterus maruadsi, Trichiurus haumela, Scombermorus, Mene maculata, Nemipterus and Cephalopoda is less than 25%;2) D.maruadsi and T.haumela are the dominant species in landing catch; 3) Bottom-trawl is the dominant fishing gear; 4) The fishery resources in offshore waters are overexploited, while pelagic fishery resources in high sea has great developmental potential. It is suggested that trawling be banned in the offshore waters of Hainan Island, but light purse seine and light falling net fisheries be permitted in closed fishing seasons and be funded by increasing subsidy of diesel oil for fishing vessels, so as to construct a new marine fisheries structure of "conserving offshore fisheries and exploiting high sea fisheries".