Abstract: The species composition, abundance, and spatial distribution of fish egg communities are often used to identify fish spawning grounds and assess the replenishment status of early-life fishery resources. However, most existing studies have focused on estuaries or large nearshore scales, and research on fish egg community composition, spatial patterns of dominant species, and indicator species at the island-reef scale remains relatively limited. To clarify the species composition, spatial distribution, and their relationships with environmental factors of the fish egg communities in the Wanshan Archipelago, a survey was conducted in the adjacent waters of Guishan Island, Dong'ao Island, and Wanshan Island in June 2023. Morphological identification combined with DNA barcoding was used for species identification, and multivariate statistical methods were applied to analyze the community structure and its environmental associations. A total of 26 385 fish eggs and 12 larvae were collected, and 25 taxa were identified, including 22 taxa of fish eggs. Stolephorus commersonnii, Leiognathus brevirostris, and Halichoeres nigrescens were the dominant species, and were also the main contributors to community dissimilarity among islands. Significant differences in fish egg abundance and community composition were observed among islands, with Wanshan Island having the highest mean abundance and the highest mean within-group similarity in community composition. Lutjanus johnii, Plicomugil labiosus, and Pempheris schwenkii were significant indicator species for Wanshan Island, while L. brevirostris was a significant indicator for the combined Wanshan and Dong'ao Islands. The dbRDA model showed that water temperature, salinity, water depth, and transparency jointly explained 42.38% of the total variation in assemblage composition, among which water temperature and salinity were significantly associated with assemblage composition. The summer fish egg assemblage in the Wanshan Archipelago was dominated by a small number of highly abundant nearshore species and exhibited pronounced spatial variation at the island scale, with its composition closely associated with the estuary-offshore environmental gradient. These findings provide a scientific basis for monitoring fish early life-history resources and managing island habitats in the Wanshan Archipelago.