参-虾-藻多营养层次综合养殖池塘氮素转化的动力学模拟

Dynamic simulation of nitrogen transformation in sea cucumber-shrimp-macroalgae integrated multi-trophic aquaculture ponds

  • 摘要: 为定量描述无投喂参-虾-藻多营养层次综合养殖 (Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA) 池塘中几种主要生物生长与氮素转化的耦合关系,基于STELLA平台构建了池塘氮素动力学模型。模型将浮游植物、浮游动物、石莼 (Ulva lactuca)、刺参 (Apostichopus japonicus) 和日本对虾 (Penaeus japonicus) 生长过程,与水体和沉积物中颗粒有机氮 (Particulate organic nitrogen, PON)、溶解有机氮 (Dissolved organic nitrogen, DON)、总氨氮 (Total ammonia nitrogen, TAN)、亚硝酸盐氮 (\rmNO_2^ - \text-\rmN ) 和硝酸盐氮 (\rmNO_3^ - \text-\rmN ) 的收支转化过程耦合;采用校准组池塘进行参数率定,并在参数不变条件下利用验证组池塘独立验证。校准组各生物量及主要氮形态平均相对误差绝对值≤0.18,验证组≤0.15,沉积物氮素拟合一致性优于水体。模拟通量分析显示,水体TAN主要来源于氨化作用,并通过浮游植物吸收和氨挥发去除;沉积物PON主要由养殖动物粪便输入,经刺参摄食和微生物降解转化;沉积物TAN进一步通过氨氧化、反硝化和厌氧氨氧化等过程去除。该模型可表征无投喂参-虾-藻IMTA池塘中生物生长与水体-沉积物氮循环的动态耦合过程,并在跨池塘验证中保持较稳定的模拟效果。

     

    Abstract: To quantitatively describe the coupling between organism growth of several major organisms and nitrogen transformation in unfed sea cucumber-shrimp-macroalgae integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) ponds, we established a pond nitrogen dynamics model based on the STELLA platform. The model coupled growth processes of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Ulva lactuca, Apostichopus japonicus, and Penaeus japonicus with the budget and transformation of particulate organic nitrogen (PON), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen (\rmNO_2^ - \text-\rmN ), and nitrate nitrogen (\rmNO_3^ - \text-\rmN ) in water body and sediment. Model parameters were calibrated using data from one pond and independently validated with another pond without changing the parameter values. The absolute values of average relative errors for organism biomass and major nitrogen forms were ≤0.18 in the calibration pond and ≤0.15 in the validation pond. The agreement for sediment nitrogen was better than that for water nitrogen. Flux analysis showed that TAN in water body was primarily supplied by ammonification and removed through phytoplankton uptake and ammonia volatilization. PON in sediment was primarily derived from fecal input of cultured animals and transformed through sea cucumber feeding and microbial degradation. TAN in sediment was further removed through ammonia oxidation, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. The model represents the dynamic coupling between organism growth and water body-sediment nitrogen cycling in unfed sea cucumber-shrimp-macroalgae IMTA ponds and maintains stable simulation performance in cross-pond validation.

     

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