恩诺沙星药浴后黑棘鲷幼鱼体内药物累积−消除规律及肝脏解毒响应的研究

Drug accumulation-elimination kinetics and hepatic detoxification response in juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii after enrofloxacin bath administration

  • 摘要: 为探究恩诺沙星药浴后黑棘鲷 (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) 幼鱼组织中药物累积-消除规律及肝脏解毒响应,本研究采用5和10 mg·L−1恩诺沙星对幼鱼进行24 h药浴,并测定净化7 d内肝脏、鳃和肌肉中的药物残留与肝脏生化指标。结果显示,恩诺沙星在幼鱼体内呈器官特异性累积,肝脏是主要富集器官,其残留量、药时曲线下面积 (AUC0-t) 和平均滞留时间 (MRT) 均最高;肌肉中消除恩诺沙星半衰期明显长于肝脏和鳃提示肌肉可能是药物残留的重点监控组织。恩诺沙星药浴干扰了幼鱼肝脏解毒代谢系统,表现为细胞色素P450 (CYP450) 含量显著降低,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶 (GST) 活性被诱导;同时导致肝脏抗氧化防御系统失衡;超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性被持续抑制,过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性及丙二醛 (MDA) 含量显著升高。 综合生物标志物响应指数 (IBRv2) 分析显示恩诺沙星毒性具有明显的剂量依赖性,且在净化7 d后仍表现出较高的综合毒性负荷。虽然幼鱼各组织中恩诺沙星残留可在48~72 h内降至最大残留限量 (MRL) 100 μg·kg−1以下,但肝脏的解毒代谢紊乱和氧化损伤可持续7 d以上。研究表明,恩诺沙星药浴后黑棘鲷幼鱼体内药物残留与清除具有组织特异性,且肝脏生理功能的恢复明显滞后于药物残留的消除。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the drug accumulation-elimination kinetics in tissues and hepatic detoxification response of juvenile black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) after enrofloxacin bath immersion, we subjected the juveniles to a 24-hour bath administration with enrofloxacin at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg·L−1, and determined the drug residues in the liver, gills, and muscle, as well as the hepatic biochemical indices within 7 d of depuration. The results revealed distinct dose-dependent and organ-specific accumulation of enrofloxacin in the juveniles. The liver was identified as the primary accumulation organ, exhibiting the highest residue levels, area under the curve (AUC0-t), and mean residence time (MRT). Critically, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin in muscle was longer than that in liver and gill tissues, suggesting that muscle is a long-term risk organ for drug residues. Enrofloxacin bath administration disrupted the hepatic detoxification system by markedly suppressing cytochrome P450 (CYP450) contents and elevating glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Enrofloxacin administration further disrupted the hepatic antioxidant defense system, evinced by sustained inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and significant up-regulation of catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. The integrated biomarker response (IBRv2) index showed that the toxicity of enrofloxacin exhibited a significant dose-dependent effect, and a relatively high integrated toxic load was still observed even after 7 d of depuration. Although the enrofloxacin residues in various tissues of juvenile fish could decrease to below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg·kg−1 within 48–72 h, the disorder of detoxification metabolism and oxidative damage in the liver could persist for more than 7 d. The study indicates that the accumulation and elimination of enrofloxacin residues in juvenile A. schlegelii after bath administration were tissue-specific, and the recovery of liver physiological functions lagged significantly behind the elimination of drug residues.

     

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