Abstract: Fish eggs and larvae are the crucial components of marine ecosystems, and their abundance and distribution patterns influence the fish population recruitment and dynamics directly, so they are important ecological indicators for assessing the sustainability of fishery resources. To elucidate the habitat selection mechanisms of fish at early-life history stages in coastal waters, we investigated the community structure characteristics of fish eggs and larvae and their relationships with key environmental factors in the eastern waters of the Leizhou Peninsula, based on community survey data collected during summer in 2022. A total of 25 fish egg species were identified, belonging to 5 orders, 12 families and 17 genera, while 14 larval species were identified, being classified into 3 orders, 11 families and 11 genera. Spatial distribution analysis reveals that the average abundance of fish eggs in the Jianjiang Estuary (40.84±16.47) ind·m⁻³ was significantly higher than that in the Leizhou Bay (10.34±7.44) ind·m⁻³ (p<0.05). In terms of community composition, Clupeidae, Leiognathidae and Engraulidae were dominant in the Leizhou Bay, whereas Leiognathidae, Cynoglossidae and Engraulidae were predominant in the Jianjiang Estuary. Although the differences in larval fish abundance between the two regions were not statistically significant, the estuary exhibited slightly higher values, with Engraulidae and Sillaginidae as dominant groups. In contrast, the Leizhou Bay was mainly dominated by Engraulidae, Clupeidae and Sillaginidae. The structure of fish early-life resources demonstrates a shift toward smaller-sized and short-lived species. Multivariate statistical analyses indicate that nutrients, water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a concentration and suspended particulate matter were the key environmental factors influencing the spatial variation of fish eggs and larvae communities in the survey area. Moreover, the dominant environmental variables varied between the two regions.