台风路径及强度对马袅湾海域网箱养殖区的影响分析

Analysis of impact of typhoon track and intensity on cage aquaculturearea in sea area of Maniao Bay

  • 摘要: 台风过境产生的巨浪和强流对网箱养殖区具有严重影响。为评估台风路径和强度对海南马袅湾内大型网箱养殖区的影响程度,基于Holland风场模型和Delft3D软件构建了波流耦合模型,并利用观测数据对模型进行了验证。依据历史台风路径及登陆位置,将台风路径分为4种类型,分别选取“威马逊”、“圆规”、“黄蜂”和“泰德”作为代表性台风,通过平移和改变台风强度重构了72场台风过程,模拟了台风期间波流场的变化,统计分析了不同路径和强度的台风过境过程中马袅湾养殖区有效波高及流速的最大值,将其作为评估网箱养殖区受影响强弱的因素,探讨了台风路径和强度对网箱养殖区的影响,并提出了不同强度台风过境时的预警路径范围。结果表明,第I类台风路径的影响范围最广、程度最大,其中“超强台风”等级时,R4路径下有效波高最大值超过5.5 m,流速最大值超过1.5 m·s−1,养殖区受严重影响;第II、第III类台风多数仅造成中等以下影响;第IV类台风路径在所有强度下对网箱养殖区基本无影响。

     

    Abstract: Extreme waves and currents generated by the passage of typhoons have an important impact on the cage culture area. In order to assess the degree of hazard of typhoons with different paths and intensities on the large-scale aquaculture areas with in-cell nets in Maniao Bay, Hainan, we constructed a wave-current coupling model based on the Holland wind field model and the Delft3D software, and the model was validated by using observational data. The typhoon paths were categorized into four types based on the paths and landfall locations of the historical typhoons, and "Rammasun", "Kompasu", "Vongfong" and "Ted" were selected as the representative typhoons of the four types of paths. Seventy-two typhoon processes were reconstructed by translating and changing the typhoon intensity, and we simulated the process of change in the wave current field during the typhoon, obtained the statistics of different paths and intensity of the typhoon transit process of the maximum effective wave height and current velocity in the Maniao Bay aquaculture area, which were used as an assessment of the strength of the influence of the Maniao Bay nets aquaculture area, the strength of the impacts of the factors. Moreover, we analyzed theimpacts of different paths and typhoon intensities on the net box aquaculture area, and proposed the range of warning paths during the transit of typhoons of different intensities. The results show that among the four types of typhoon paths, the first type of typhoon paths had the widest and greatest impacts on the net-pen aquaculture area, in which the maximum effective wave height in the net-pen aquaculture area under the R4 path was higher than 5.5 m, and the maximum current velocity was more than 1.5 m·s−1 under the 'super typhoon' category, which severely affected the aquaculture area; the second and third types of typhoon paths had the greatest impacts on the net-pen aquaculture area. Most of the paths of Category II and III typhoons had less moderate impacts on the net-pen culture area; and the paths of Category IV typhoons had basically no impacts on the net-pen culture area under the intensity of each typhoon.

     

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