养殖大黄鱼摄食颗料饲料的声学行为特征

Study on large yellow croaker's pellet feed behavior using acoustic signals

  • 摘要: 近年来,中国在深远海大黄鱼 (Larimichthys crocea) 养殖方面取得显著成效,不仅产量提升,品质也明显改善。但受台风、强海流等自然灾害的影响,投喂工作面临挑战。为促进大黄鱼深远海养殖技术的进一步发展,以初始体质量为 (122.62±11.08) g、体长为 (17.9±1.04) cm的大黄鱼为实验对象,利用水下声音测量系统 (带宽20 Hz~20 kHz) 记录了大黄鱼的水下声音和行为反应。结果表明:大黄鱼的摄食声信号可分为仅吞食和吞食+咀嚼2种类型;吞食和咀嚼声的频率主要集中在6~13 kHz范围内;投饵前,大黄鱼的发声信号极少,而投饵后发声信号数量显著增加;在1个摄食周期内,单尾大黄鱼表现出4~7次摄食行为,其中仅吞食行为较少;吞食行为通常伴随1~2个脉冲的发声,单脉冲持续时间较短,双脉冲持续时间较长,信号持续时间介于0.05~0.25 s,产生的平均声压级约为 (74.51±3.91) dB;咀嚼行为则以5~7次居多,且咀嚼强度从 (73.27±2.62) dB逐渐减少至 (55.82±1.43) dB。此外,随着摄食次数的增加,大黄鱼的觅食持续时间显著延长,两者呈线性正相关关系。

     

    Abstract: In recent years, China has achieved remarkable achievement in deep-sea aquaculture of large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea), not only in terms of production, but also in terms of quality. Nevertheless, feeding operations are affected by natural calamities such as typhoons and powerful ocean currents. Therefore, to further improve the technological development of L. crocea culture in deep sea, we used the fish with an initial body mass of (122.62±11.08) g and a body length of (17.9±1.04) cm as samples, then applied an underwater acoustic measurement system (Bandwidth of 20 Hz−20 kHz) to capture the underwater sound and observe the behavioral responses of the fish. The results indicate that the feeding sound of the fish could be distinctly classified into two types: pure swallowing and swallowing accompanied by chewing. Both swallowing and chewing produced sound mainly within the frequency of 6 Hz−13 kHz. Prior to feeding, the acoustic signals emitted by the fish were relatively sparse. However, when the feeding began, the number of acoustic signals increased significantly. In a single feeding cycle, an individual fish exhibited 4−7 feeding behaviors, with pure swallowing being relatively infrequent. Swallowing wasusually accompanied by 1−2 pulsed acoustic signals. Single pulses had a shorter duration, while double pulses had a longer one. The duration of these signals ranged from 0.05 to 0.25 sec, and the average sound pressure level generated was approximately (74.51±3.91) dB. When chewing, the fish most commonly produced 5−7 chews, with the chewing intensity gradually decreasing from (73.27±2.62) to (55.82±1.43) dB. Furthermore, as the number of feeding behaviors increased, the foraging duration of the fish also extended significantly, displaying a linear positive correlation.

     

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