不同径深比条件下养殖舱内流场特性的试验研究

Experimental study of flow field characteristics in tanks with different diameter-to-depth ratios

  • 摘要: 养殖工船是拓展深远海养殖的新途径。提高养殖舱的利用效率,确保鱼类在养殖舱中获得最佳生长条件的同时保证舱内颗粒物的高效排出,将直接影响水产养殖的生产效率和养殖工船的收益。为探究养殖舱径深比对舱内流场特征及阻力系数的影响,并为工船养殖舱的结构设计与优化提供参考依据,采用实船试验方法,对锚泊状态下养殖平台养殖舱的流场特性进行了试验研究。通过流速、阻力系数与流场均匀性指数等指标,定量评价了径深比对养殖舱适渔性与能量损耗的影响。结果表明,舱内流速与径深比呈正相关:当径深比小于1.6∶1时,径深比的减小会导致舱内流速大幅降低;当径深比为1.8∶1~2.0∶1时,养殖舱具有更好的流场特性,包括更高的流速、更好的流场均匀性和更低的阻力系数。其中,径深比为1.8∶1的养殖舱在舱内流场特性与经济效益之间达到了最佳平衡,因此在工船养殖系统中应优先考虑该径深比。

     

    Abstract: Aquaculture vessels are a new way to expand deep-sea aquaculture. How to improve the utilization efficiency of aquaculture tanks to ensure the best growth conditions for fish in aquaculture tanks and the efficient discharge of particulate matter from the tanks will affect the productivity of aquaculture and the profitability of aquaculture vessels. In order to investigate the influence of the diameter to depth ratio of the tanks on the flow field characteristics and the drag coefficient of the tanks, as well as to provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of aquaculture tanks on aquaculture vessels, we carried out an experiment of the flow field characteristics of the tanks of aquaculture platform under mooring condition by using a real-ship test method. We evaluated the influence of the diameter to depth ratio on the fishability and energy loss of the tanks by studying the flow velocity, drag coefficient and the uniformity index of flow field, etc. The experimental results show that the flow velocity in the tanks was positively correlated with the diameter to depth ratio: when the diameter to depth ratio was less than 1.6∶1, the reduction of the diameter to depth ratio led to a significant reduction of the flow velocity in the tanks, and the tanks with a diameter to depth ratio of 1.8∶1–2.0∶1 possessed better flow characteristics, including higher flow velocity, flow uniformity and lower drag coefficient; a diameter to depth ratio of 1.8∶1 for the aquaculture tanks met the requirements of flow field and economic efficiency in the tanks, and this ratio should be considered as a priority in the aquaculture system of aquaculture vessels.

     

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