麦瑞加拉鲮胚胎及仔鱼发育研究

Study on development of embryos and larvae of Cirrhinus mrigala

  • 摘要: 麦瑞加拉鲮 (Cirrhinus mrigala) 是华南地区重要养殖品种。为补充该物种的基础生物学数据,并为其苗种规模化培育和增养殖产业的可持续发展提供科学依据,通过人工授精获得其受精卵,详细观察并记录其胚胎及仔鱼的发育过程。结果显示,麦瑞加拉鲮产漂流性卵,成熟卵子直径为 (1.41 ± 0.08) mm,受精卵呈圆球形、淡灰色,吸水膨胀后直径达 (4.98 ± 0.67) mm,膨胀系数为353.19%。在水温26~28 ℃下,整个胚胎发育过程历时15 h 40 min,所需积温438.67 ℃·h。历经胚盘形成期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化期共7个阶段、32个时期。初孵仔鱼全长 (4.51 ± 0.19) mm,1日龄生长速率最大,绝对生长率 (Absolute growth rate, AGR) 和特定生长率 (Specific growth rate, SGR) 分别为1.75 mm·d−1和32.87%·d−1。出膜后41 h进入混合营养期,4日龄进入外源性营养期,9日龄进入稚鱼期。

     

    Abstract: Cirrhinus mrigala is a key aquaculture species in southern China. In order to enrich its fundamental biological data and provide a scientific basis for its breeding and enhancement in aquaculture, we obtained the fertilized eggs of C. mrigala through artificial insemination, and observed and recorded the typical characteristics of the embryos and the development of larvae in detail. The results show that C. mrigala laid drifting eggs. The diameter of the mature eggs was (1.41 ± 0.08) mm, and the fertilized eggs were spherical and light grey in color. After absorbing water and expanding, the diameter reached (4.98 ± 0.67) mm and the expansion coefficient was 353.19%. At the water temperature of 26−28 ℃, the whole embryonic development process lasted 15 h 40 min, and the required cumulative temperature was 438.67 ℃·h. It passed through 7 stages and 32 periods, including the embryonic disc formation stage, egg cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, proto-gut stage, neural embryo stage, organ formation stage and hatching stage. The total length of the first hatchlings was (4.51±0.19) mm. C. mrigala reached maximum growth rate at 1 day of age with the absolute growth rate and specific growth rate of 1.75 mm·d−1 and 32.87%·d−1, respectively. The larvae entered the mixed nutrient period at 41th hour after emergence from the membrane, and entered the exogenous nutrient period at 4 days of age, which lasted for 9 d to enter the juvenile stage.

     

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