斑鳠、大鳍鳠、越鳠肌肉的营养成分分析及品质评价

Analysis of nutritional composition and quality of muscles in Hemibagrus guttatus, H. macropterus and H. pluriradiatus

  • 摘要: 为探究斑鳠 (Hemibagrus guttatus)、大鳍鳠 (H. macropterus) 和越鳠 (H. pluriradiatus) 的肌肉营养成分和品质差异,采用生化分析方法对3种鱼背部肌肉中的一般营养成分含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素的组成与含量进行测定和评价。结果显示,斑鳠的水分含量显著高于大鳍鳠和越鳠 (p<0.05);越鳠和大鳍鳠的蛋白质含量显著高于斑鳠 (p<0.05);粗脂肪和总糖含量从高到低依次为越鳠、大鳍鳠、斑鳠,差异显著 (p<0.05);灰分含量则无显著性差异 (p>0.05)。3种鱼类均测得16种常见氨基酸,其中以谷氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸 (Essential amino acids, EAA) 中以赖氨酸含量最高;总氨基酸含量 (Total amino acids, TAA) 和必需氨基酸指数 (Essential amino acid index, EAAI) 分别为斑鳠最低,越鳠最高。氨基酸评分 (Amino acid score, AAS) 与化学评分 (Chemical score, CS) 显示,3种鱼类的第一限制氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸。3种鱼类均测得24种脂肪酸,比较多不饱和脂肪酸含量,班鳠含量最高,且3种鱼类均以n-6系列的C18:2n6c (亚油酸) 为主。斑鳠的致动脉粥样硬化指数 (Atherogenic index, AI=0.47) 和血栓形成指数 (Thrombosis index, TI=1.21) 最低。3种鱼类肌肉中富含多种无机元素,常量元素钾 (K) 含量最高,呈“高钾低钠 (Na)”的特征;微量元素中铁 (Fe)、锌 (Zn)、硼 (B) 含量较高;硒 (Se) 仅在越鳠中检出,锰 (Mn) 仅在大鳍鳠中检出。研究表明,越鳠在蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖、氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸指数方面均高于斑鳠和大鳍鳠。斑鳠在水分和多不饱和脂肪酸含量方面高于越鳠和大鳍鳠。

     

    Abstract: To explore the differences in the muscle nutritional components and quality among Hemibagrus guttatus, H. macropterus, and H. pluriradiatus, we applied the biochemical analysis methods to determine and evaluate the contents of general nutritional components, as well as the composition and contents of amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements in the dorsal muscles of the three fish species. The results show that the water content of H. guttatus was significantly higher than that of H. macropterus and H. pluriradiatus (p<0.05); the protein contents of H. pluriradiatus and H. macropterus were significantly higher than that of H. guttatus (p<0.05). The contents of crude fat and total sugar decreased following a descending order of H. pluriradiatus>H. macropterus>H. guttatus, with significant differences (p<0.05), while there was no significant differences in the ash content (p>0.05). Sixteen common amino acids had been detected in the three fish species. Glutamic acid had the highest content among them, and lysine had the highest content among essential amino acids (EAA). The total amino acid content (TAA) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were the lowest in H. guttatus but the highest in H. pluriradiatus. Amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS) indicate that the first limiting amino acid of the three fish species was methionine+cysteine. Twenty-four fatty acids had been detected in the three fish species. In terms of the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, H. guttatus had the highest content, and C18:2n6c (linoleic acid) of the n-6 series was the main one in the three fish species. The atherogenic index (AI=0.47) and thrombogenic index (TI=1.21) of H. guttatus were the lowest. The muscles of the three fish species were rich in various inorganic elements. The content of the major element potassium (K) was the highest, showing the characteristic of "high potassium and low sodium". The contents of trace elements iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were relatively high. Selenium (Se) was only detected in H. pluriradiatus, and manganese (Mn) was only detected in H. macropterus. The study indicates that the protein, crude fat, total sugar, total amino acid content, and essential amino acid index of H. pluriradiatus are higher than H. guttatus and H. macropterus. And the water content and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of H. guttatus are higher than H. pluriradiatus and H. macropterus.

     

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