低盐水体SO4 2−/Cl胁迫下凡纳滨对虾生长、肝胰腺与鳃组织结构及酶活力比较

Comparative study on growth, hepatopancreas and gill histological structure, and enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei under SO4 2−/Cl stress in low saline water

  • 摘要: 中国西北地区的盐碱水及淡水资源中硫酸根离子 (\mathrmSO_4^2- ) 比例通常较高,为探究凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 对水体中\mathrmSO_4^2- 含量的适应性,在室内可控条件下对体质量为 (0.9±0.2) g的凡纳滨对虾开展了为期5周的养殖实验。实验用水以定制海水素配制,盐度为5‰,水体\mathrmSO_4^2- 质量浓度分别为0.385 (对照)、1.175、1.735和2.300 g·L−1,对应的\mathrmSO_4^2- /Cl (mg/mg) 比值分别为0.140、0.577、1.127和2.225 (A、B、C、D组)。结果显示,实验期间各组凡纳滨对虾的成活率均高于70%,成活率、湿质量、体质量增长率和特定生长率均无显著性差异 (p>0.05)。对虾肝胰腺和鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性随水体硫酸盐浓度增加而先上升后下降,D组肝胰腺SOD活性显著低于其他组 (p<0.05),A和D组鳃SOD活性显著低于其他组 (p<0.05)。各组对虾肝胰腺和鳃的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-PX)、钠钾ATP酶 (Na+/K+-ATPase) 活性以及丙二醛 (MDA) 含量均无显著性差异 (p>0.05)。各组对虾肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP) 和酪氨酸酶 (TYR) 活性无显著性差异 (p>0.05);但鳃ACP和AKP活性随硫酸盐浓度升高均呈下降趋势,D组鳃ACP活性最低,其AKP和TYR活性显著低于A组 (p<0.05)。各组鳃组织结构未见明显变化,D组肝胰腺管腔变形增大,部分B细胞破裂。综上,凡纳滨对虾对低盐水体硫酸盐含量偏高有一定耐受性,但高硫酸盐胁迫会引起凡纳滨对虾鳃免疫、抗氧化相关酶活性发生变化,以及肝胰腺组织损伤。盐度5‰条件下其适宜的\mathrmSO_4^2- /Cl范围为0.140~1.127。实验结果可为在西北内陆高硫酸盐含量水环境下的凡纳滨对虾养殖推广提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract: The proportion of sulfate ions in saline-alkali waters and fresh water in northwest China is usually high. In order to investigate the adaptability of Litopenaeus vannamei to high sulfate content saline water, taking the juvenile shrimps Average body mass of (0.9±0.2) g as objects, we conducted a 5-week aquaculture experiment in a controlled indoor environment. The experimental water was prepared with customized artificial sea salts and the salinity was 5‰, the sulfate ion concentrations were 0.385 (Control), 1.175, 1.735 and 2.300 g·L−1, corresponding to \mathrmSO_4^2- /Cl (mg/mg) ratios of 0.140, 0.577, 1.127 and 2.225 (Labeled as Group A, B, C and D). The results show that the survival rate of L. vannamei in all the groups were above 70%, and there were no significant differences in the survival rate, wet mass, weight gain rate and specific growth rate among all the groups (p>0.05). The SOD activity in hepatopancreas and gills of L. vannamei increased first and then decreased as the water sulfate concentration increased. The SOD activity in hepatopancreas of Group D was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05), while the SOD activity in gills of Group A and D was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the GSH-PX, sodium-potassium ATPase activity and MDA content among all the groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in the hepatopancreas ACP and AKP and tyrosinase activity among all the groups (p>0.05), but the ACP activity in gills of all the groups decreased as the sulfate concentration increased. The ACP activity in gills of Group D was the lowest, and its AKP and TYR activities were significantly lower than those of Group A (p<0.05). No obvious changes were observed in the structure of gill tissues under HE staining in any group. In Group D, the lumen of hepatopancreas was deformed and enlarged, and some B cells were broken. In summary, L. vannamei has tolerance to certain sulfate content in low salinity water, but high sulfate stress may cause changes in the immune and antioxidant enzyme activity of gills and hepatopancreas, as well as damage to hepatopancreas tissue. The suitable range of \mathrmSO_4^2- /Cl for L. vannamei is 0.140 to 1.127 under salinity 5‰. The findings provide a scientific reference for promoting L. vannamei aquaculture with high sulfate content waters in the northwest inland areas in China.

     

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