荷-鱼共养与常规池塘养殖模式下环境微生物群落比较研究

A comparative study of environmental microbial communities between lotus-fish co-culture and conventional pond culture

  • 摘要: 荷-鱼共养是一种典型的生态养殖模式。为探究荷-鱼共养养殖模式对各环境因子以及环境微生物群落组成的影响,采用野外原位调查结合宏基因组测序技术,比较了荷-鱼共养模式与常规池塘养殖模式下水环境因子、水体和底泥环境微生物多样性与群落组成的变化情况。结果表明,荷-鱼共养池塘中氮 (N)、磷 (P) 等营养盐含量显著下降,而溶解氧 (DO) 显著上升。底泥中总氮 (TN) 平均质量分数从2.323 mg·kg−1降至2.017 mg·kg−1,水体中总磷 (TP) 平均质量浓度从0.447 mg·L−1降至0.110 mg·L−1、溶解氧平均质量浓度从7.253 mg·L−1升至8.790 mg·L−1。相对于常规池塘养殖模式,在荷-鱼共养池塘水体和底泥微生物群落中假单胞菌门、放线菌门、Candidate_division_NC10的相对丰度显著增加,而蓝藻门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度显著下降 (p<0.05)。在属水平上,微囊藻属 (Microcystis)、多核杆菌属 (Polynucleobacter)、unclassified Rhodocyclaceae是改变水体环境中微生物群落结构的关键物种;微囊藻属、unclassified Deltaproteobacteria、unclassified Desulfobacterales是改变底泥环境中微生物群落结构的关键物种;RDA分析结果显示pH、硝态氮 (NO3-N) 、DO与铵态氮 (NH4-N) 、总有机碳 (TOC) 分别是导致不同模式养殖池塘水体和底泥微生物群落组成差异的关键环境因子。研究表明,荷-鱼共养模式能有效改善养殖池塘水质,有利于水体和底泥益生菌群的发展,对维持养殖池塘生态环境的稳定具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: Lotus-fish co-culture is a typical ecological farming system. To explore the effects of lotus-fish co-culture on environmental factors and microbial community in aquaculture ponds, we compared the changes in water environmental factors, microbial diversity and community composition in the water and sediment environment between lotus-fish co-culture and conventional pond culture, through field investigation and metagenome sequencing technology. The results indicate that the nutrient contents decreased significantly but the dissolved oxygen increased significantly in the lotus-fish co-culture pond. Besides, the total nitrogen in the sediment decreased from 2.323 mg·kg−1 to 2.017 mg·kg−1 averagely. The total phosphorus decreased from 0.447 mg·L−1 to 0.110 mg·L−1 but the dissolved oxygen increased from 7.253 mg·L−1 to 8.790 mg·L−1 averagely. Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Candidate_division_NC10 were significantly enriched in the lotus-fish co-culture pond (p<0.05). In contrast, Cyanobacteriota and Planctomycetota were enriched significantly in the conventional pond. On genus level, it was found that Microcystis, Polynucleobacter, unclassified Rhodocyclaceae were the key microbial taxa contributing most to the variations in microbial community composition; Microcystis, unclassified Deltaproteobacteria, unclassified Desulfobacterales were the key microbial taxa contributing most to the variations in microbial community composition in the sediment. RDA analysis shows that pH, NO3-N, DO, NH4-N and TOC were determined as the key environmental factors shaping microbial community composition in the water and sediment. These results indicate that lotus-fish co-culture can improve the pond water quality effectively and promote the development of probiotic microbial taxa in water and sediment, which is important in maintaining the stability of ecological environment in aquaculture ponds.

     

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