Abstract: Healthy and stable river ecosystem is vital to local biodiversity maintenance and socio-economic development. However, as China's core production area of Maotai-flavor Baijiu, Renhuai City has not established the health assessment system of its main rivers. Thus, we conducted an annual quarterly survey on the benthic fauna at 28 sampling sites in 9 rivers in Renhuai City in 2023, and developed a benthic-integrated biotic index (B-IBI) health evaluation system for the city's main rivers. The results show that a total of 175 taxonomic units of benthic macroinvertebrates were recorded, belonging to 5 phyla, 10 classes, 22 orders and 75 families. The annual average density and biomass were 1 236.50 ind.·m⁻² and 168.07 g·m⁻², respectively. Among the 9 rivers, one was in excellent condition, one in good condition, three in average condition, four in poor condition, and none in very poor condition. Among the 28 sampling sites, two were in excellent condition, five in good condition, seven in average condition, seven in poor condition, and seven in very poor condition. In general, the assessment system of B-IBI in this paper shows that Renhuai City's main rivers are in poor condition, and suitable management and restoration measures should be adopted to make them become healthy again in the future.