不同水草种类的中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘水质量评价

Water quality evaluation for Eriocheir sinensis culture ponds with different aquatic plants

  • 摘要: 为探讨零换水养殖模式下不同水草种类对中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis) 养殖池塘水质的影响,通过单因素评价法、平均污染指数、断面综合水质指数 (Comprehensive water quality index, CWQI) 和主成分分析法评估了养殖池塘水质。种植水草的种类为伊乐藻 (Elodea nuttallii)、苦草 (Vallisneria natans) 和轮叶黑藻 (Hydrilla verticillata),分别记为Class I—III组,水源组为对照组,记为CK。选取pH、溶解氧 (Dissolved oxygen, DO)、高锰酸钾指数 (CODMn)、总氮 (Total nitrogen, TN)、氨氮 (NH4 +-N)、硝酸盐氮 (NO3 -N)、总磷 (Total phosphorus, TP)、磷酸盐 (PO43−-P) 和亚硝酸盐氮 (NO2 -N) 作为监测水质指标。结果显示,各组单因素评价均为Ⅴ类水质,主要污染物为TN和TP;Class I—III组池塘的平均污染指数分别为1.65、1.59、2.97,对照组为2.00;Class I和Class II组池塘的CWQI水质评价等级优于其他2组;Class I—III组池塘主成分得分总体低于CK组。综上,零换水养殖模式下种植伊乐藻或苦草,与外界水源比较,水质有所好转。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the effects of different aquatic plants on the water quality in Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture ponds with the zero-exchange water model, we evaluated the water quality of aquaculture ponds by single factor evaluation method, average pollution index, comprehensive water quality index (CWQI) and principal component analysis. The aquatic plants planted were Elodea nuttallii (Class I group), Vallisneria natans (Class II group) and Hydrilla verticillate (Class III group), and the water source group is the control group (CK group). We observed the water quality monitoring indicators including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index (CODMn), total nitrogen (TN), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2 -N), total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO43−-P). The results show that the single factor evaluation for each group's water quality was Grade V. TN and TP were the primary contaminants. The average pollution index of Class I−III groups was 1.65, 1.59 and 2.97, respectively, while that of the control group was 2.00. The CWQI evaluation grade of water quality in Class I and II groups was better than that of the other two groups. The principal component scores of Class I−III groups were generally lower than those of the CK group. In summary, compared with the external water source, the cultivation of E. nuttallii or V. natans with the zero-exchange water model can improve the water quality.

     

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