Abstract: To improve the effects of tea polyphenols on tissue and cell culture of Pinctada martensii mantle, we explored the optimization effect of adding different concentrations of natural extract tea polyphenols on the mantle tissue and cell culture medium. The results show that when the added amount of tea polyphenols was 0.5%–2.0%, the biological activity of P. martensii mantle cells was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the best added amount was 1.0%. The five groups of completely culture medium (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) all promoted the growth and proliferation of cells, and the growth curves of the cells were all in an "S" shape. When the addition of tea polyphenols was 1%, the proliferation effect of the mantle cells was the best. The mantle tissue and cells proliferated a large number of free cells and secreted nacre normally in the optimal culture medium. The mass concentration of Ca²⁺ in the culture medium decreased first and then increased along with the process of tissue and cell proliferation, but was always lower than the initial concentration. The study further optimized the P. martensii mantle tissue and cell culture medium, which provides a theoretical basis for promoting the cultivation of P. martensii nuclear pearls.