基于MaxEnt模型模拟中西太平洋鲣自由鱼群栖息地的研究

Modeling habitat of skipjack tuna of free swimming school in Western and Central Pacific Ocean based on MaxEnt model

  • 摘要: 由于漂流人工集鱼装置 (Fish aggregating device, FAD) 的大量使用对金枪鱼种群带来的负面效应,金枪鱼围网渔业转向捕捞自由群成为发展趋势,因此开展鲣 (Katsuwonus pelamis) 自由群的栖息地利用研究非常必要。使用2016—2020年中西太平洋渔业委员会 (Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, WCPFC) 统计的月度金枪鱼渔业数据和不同层的水温 (SST、Temp200)、海表盐度 (SSS)、溶解氧浓度 (DO0、DO50、DO200)、东西向海流速度 (EV)、南北向海流速度 (NV)、混合层深度 (MLD)、叶绿素 a 浓度 (CHL0、CHL50、CHL100、CHL200) 共13个环境变量,通过最大熵模型 (Maximum Entropy Model, MaxEnt) 模拟鲣自由群的栖息地分布及其月变化规律。结果表明:模型测试和训练集的AUC值及灵敏度值均大于0.90,真实技巧统计值大于0.80,模型具有很强的预测能力,可用于鲣的栖息地适宜性模拟;SST和DO200是影响鲣自由群栖息地偏好的关键因子,最适范围分别为30~31  ℃、114~153 mmol·m−3。研究期内,鲣自由群高适宜栖息地主要靠近巴布亚新几内亚和所罗门群岛海域,不同时期向东延伸的范围有较大变化,经度差达到6°。研究结果可为中国金枪鱼围网船队进行鲣自由群中心渔场的预报提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Due to the negative effects of extensive use of drifting artificial fish aggregating devices (FADs) on tuna stocks, tuna purse seine fishing has become a development trend towards catching free swimming school, so it is necessary to specifically study the habitat use of free swimming school of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). In this study, we used monthly tuna fishery data from the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) from 2016 to 2020, different layers of water temperature (SST, Temp200), sea surface salinity (SSS), dissolved oxygen concentration (DO0, DO50, DO200), east-west current velocity (EV), north-south current velocity (NV), mixed layer depth (MLD), chlorophyll a concentration (CHL0, CHL50, CHL100, CHL200), and a total of 13 environmental variables by Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to simulate the habitat distribution of the free swimming school and their monthly variation patterns. The results show that the AUC and sensitivity values of both the test and training set of the model were greater than 0.90, and the true skill statistics values were greater than 0.80, indicating that the model has strong predictive ability and can be used for the habitat suitability modeling of skipjack tuna. SST and DO200 were the key factors affecting the habitat preference of free swimming school, with the optimal ranges of 30−31  ℃ and 114−153 mmol·m−3, respectively. During the survey period, the highly suitable habitat for free swimming school was mainly near the waters of Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, with a large variation in the range extending eastward in different periods, and the difference in longitude reached 6°. The results provide references for the prediction of the central fishing ground of free swimming school of skipjack tuna by Chinese tuna purse seine fleet.

     

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