李北兴, 黎傲雪, 董建宇, 吕少梁, 王学锋. 湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构及其受干扰程度[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(2): 12-20. DOI: 10.12131/20220199
引用本文: 李北兴, 黎傲雪, 董建宇, 吕少梁, 王学锋. 湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构及其受干扰程度[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(2): 12-20. DOI: 10.12131/20220199
LI Beixing, LI Aoxue, DONG Jianyu, LYU Shaoliang, WANG Xuefeng. Intertidal macrozoobenthic community structure and its disturbed state in Zhanjiang Bay[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(2): 12-20. DOI: 10.12131/20220199
Citation: LI Beixing, LI Aoxue, DONG Jianyu, LYU Shaoliang, WANG Xuefeng. Intertidal macrozoobenthic community structure and its disturbed state in Zhanjiang Bay[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(2): 12-20. DOI: 10.12131/20220199

湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构及其受干扰程度

Intertidal macrozoobenthic community structure and its disturbed state in Zhanjiang Bay

  • 摘要: 大型底栖动物是潮间带生态环境监测与评价的良好指示生物。湛江湾是粤西最大的港湾,为揭示湛江湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落特征和受干扰程度,为其生态保护提供科学依据,分别在2020年8月 (夏季) 和2021年1月 (冬季) 实地调查了湛江湾5个不同人类活动胁迫下的断面 (东海岛、东头山岛、鹿渚村、特呈岛和海湾大桥),分析了大型底栖动物的种类组成、栖息密度与生物量空间分布以及生物多样性,并采用分类学多样性指数和栖息密度-生物量比较 (Abundance-biomass comparison, ABC) 曲线分析了大型底栖动物群落受干扰程度。结果表明:1) 共鉴定出大型底栖动物98种,其中软体动物最多 (45种) ,其次为节肢动物 (26种) 和环节动物 (19种) ;2) 5个断面大型底栖动物夏、冬季的平均栖息密度分别为174和187 个·m 2,平均生物量分别为171.27和188.38 g·m 2,均表现为冬季大于夏季;软体动物疏纹满月蛤 (Lucina scarlatoi) 和节肢动物白脊管藤壶 (Fistulobalanus albicostatus) 为冬夏两季的共有优势种;3) Bray-Curtis聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序分析 (nMDS) 结果表明,不同季节5个断面均可分为4个亚群,其中鹿渚村和海湾大桥为一个亚群,东头山岛和特呈岛为一个亚群,而东海岛夏、冬季各为一个亚群;4 ) 分类学多样性指数和ABC曲线对湛江湾潮间带大型底栖生物群落受扰动分析评估结果存在一定差异,其中分类学多样性分析结果表明东头山岛断面和受旅游休闲影响较大的海湾大桥断面冬季受干扰程度相对严重,而ABC曲线则显示受贝类养殖影响的鹿渚村断面夏季受干扰程度较为严重。研究表明人类活动已经对湛江湾潮间带大型底栖生物群落产生了一定程度的不利影响。

     

    Abstract: Macrozobenthos are ideal indicators for monitoring and evaluating the ecological environment of intertidal zones. Zhanjiang Bay is the largest harbor in western Guangdong. In order to reveal the characteristics and disturbed state of macrobenthos communities in the intertidal zone of Zhanjiang Bay as well as to provide a scientific basis for their ecological protection, we investigated five intertidal zones (Donghai Island, Dongtoushan Island, Luzhu Village, Techeng Island and Zhanjiang Bay Bridge) exposed to different anthropogenic pressures in Zhanjiang Bay in August 2020 (Summer) and January 2021 (Winter). We analyzed the species composition, distribution of abundance and biomass, and biodiversities of macrozobenthos. Besides, we studied the disturbed state of macrozoobenthos communities by using the taxonomic diversity indexes and Abundance-biomass comparison (ABC) curves. The results show that: 1) A total of 98 species appeared in the five intertidal zones, among which Mollusca (45 species) were the most, followed by Arthropoda (26 species) and Annelida (19 species). 2) The average abundance and biomass of the macrozoobenthos were all greater in winter (187 ind·m−2, 188.38 g·m−2) than in summer (174 ind·m−2, 171.27 g·m−2). The mollusk Lucina scarlatoi and the arthropod Fistulobalanus albicostatus were the dominant species both in summer and winter. 3) Bray-Curtis similarity clustering analysis on the communities and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) suggest that the communities in the five intertidal zones in summer and winter could be spatially clustered into four groups. Among them, Luzhu Village and Zhanjiang Bay Bridge formed a subgroup, Dongtoushan Island and Techeng Island formed a subgroup, and Donghai Island formed a subgroup in summer and winter. 4) The taxonomic diversity index and ABC curves show some differences in evaluating the anthropogenic stresses on the intertidal macrozoobenthic community in Zhanjiang Bay. Furthermore, the taxonomic diversity index shows that Dongtoushan Island and Zhanjiang Bay Bridge were affected by tourism, and were more severely disturbed in winter, while the ABC curves show that Luzhu Village was affected by shellfish farming and was more severely disturbed in summer. The study reveals that human activities have had a negative impact on the macrozoobenthic communities in the intertidal zones of Zhanjiang Bay.

     

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