基于DNA条形码的南海美济礁潟湖鱼卵种类鉴定与组成初探

Preliminary study on species composition of fish eggs of Meiji Reef Lagoon in South China Sea based on DNA barcoding

  • 摘要: 珊瑚礁是海洋鱼类的重要栖息地,具有产卵、育幼等重要的生态功能。该研究采用线粒体DNA的COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) 片段作为分子标记,鉴定了南海美济礁潟湖鱼卵,并分析了春、秋季的种类组成和季节变化特征。结果显示,美济礁鱼卵种类为37种,隶属于3目23科31属,其中33种鉴定到种,4种鉴定到属,主要为鲈形目 (种类占比91.89%,数量占比97.31%)。美济礁鱼卵生态类型主要为礁栖类群 (占比72.97%)。春季鱼卵密度为0.95粒·m–3,秋季为0.54粒·m–3。优势度大于0.001的优势鱼卵种类,春季为黑带鳞鳍梅鲷 (Pterocaesio tile)、犬牙锥齿鲷 (Pentapodus caninus)、黑斑绯鲤 (Upeneus tragula) 和青星九棘鲈 (Cephalopholis miniata) 4种;秋季为黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares) 和条纹眶棘鲈 (Scolopsis taenioptera) 2种。美济礁春秋季的鱼卵物种更替率高达94.59%。春、秋两季的平均分类差异指数为53.63、50.77,分类差异变异指数为111.45、31.03。结果表明,美济礁是多种珊瑚礁栖鱼类的产卵场,同时也是多种深海鱼类和大洋性洄游鱼类 (如黄鳍金枪鱼) 的产卵场;鱼卵群落结构具有明显的季节性变化,证明了珊瑚礁鱼类对特定生境的高度利用。

     

    Abstract: Coral reefs, which have important ecological functions such as spawning and rearing, are the key habitats of marine fish. In this study, COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I), part of mitochondrial DNA, was used as a marker to identify the fish eggs in Meiji Reef, and the species composition and the characteristics of seasonal variation were analyzed. The study shows that there were 37 species of fish eggs in Meiji Reef, belonging to 3 orders, 23 families and 31 genera. Most species (33 species) were successfully identified to species level while 4 species were just identified to genera level. Fish eggs mainly belonged to Perciformes (91.89% of species, 97.31 % of total number). The main ecological type of fish eggs was reef-dwelling group (72.97%). The density of fish eggs was 0.95 ind.·m–3 in spring and 0.54 ind.·m–3 in autumn. The dominant egg species was defined as having a dominance degree greater than 0.001. The dominant roe species in spring were Pterocaesio tile, Pentapodus caninus, Upeneus tragula and Cephalopholis miniata. And the dominant roe species in autumn are Thunnus albacares and Scolopsis taenioptera. The species replacement rate of fish roe in Meiji Reef between spring and autumn was as high as 94.59%. The indices of average taxonomic distinctness of spring and autumn were 53.63 and 50.77, respectively, and the indices of variation in taxonomic distinctness were 111.45 and 31.03, respectively. The results indicate that Meiji Reef is the spawning ground for a variety of commercial fishes and deep-sea fish and oceanic migratory fish (like T. albacares). The community structure of fish eggs in Meiji reef has obvious seasonal variation, reflecting that coral reef fish has high utilization of specific habitats.

     

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