Study on carbonate alkalinity tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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摘要: 该研究以2种规格 [ 大：(21.56±0.27) g，小：(5.92±0.03) g] 的尼罗罗非鱼 (Oreochromis niloticus) 幼鱼为研究对象，采用碳酸氢钠 (NaHCO3) 分别配制不同浓度的碳酸盐碱水体进行3种胁迫实验：1) 将鱼由淡水直接移入碳酸盐碱度为30或22 g·L−1的水体中进行高浓度碱胁迫致死；2) 将鱼由淡水直接移入碳酸盐碱度为6~10 g·L−1的不同碱度组水体中进行96 h急性碱胁迫；3) 分别以+2、+4和+6 g·(L·d)−1的每日碱度增加进行慢性碱驯化，探索其对碳酸盐碱度的耐受能力。结果表明，尼罗罗非鱼急性胁迫96 h的半致死碱度为6.25~9.01 g·L−1，其耐碱能力虽弱于青海湖裸鲤等耐高碱鱼类，但仍强于大多淡水养殖鱼类；在幼鱼阶段，体质量增加3倍以上的尼罗罗非鱼对碳酸盐碱胁迫的耐受性显著增强；养殖中可通过2 g·(L·d)−1的每日碱增加对罗非鱼进行碱驯化；互补重对数模型较好地拟合急性碱胁迫下“时间-碱度-死亡率”间关系。Abstract: In this study, we examined two sizes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [Large: (21.56±0.27) g, Small: (5.92±0.03) g] to explore their tolerance to carbonate alkalinity. Different carbonate-alkalinity solutions were prepared with NaHCO3 to carry out the following experiments: 1) Fish were directly transferred from fresh water to 30 or 22 g·L−1 carbonate alkalinity solutions to determine the mortality. 2) Fish were acutely exposed to different carbonate alkalinity solutions ranging from 6 to 10 g·L−1 for 96 h. 3) For chronic alkaline acclimation experiments, carbonate concentrations increased gradually at three levels of +2, +4 and +6 g·(L·d)−1. The results show that the half lethal alkalinities of Nile tilapia under acute stress for 96 h ranged from 6.25 g·L−1 to 9.01 g·L−1. The alkaline tolerance of Nile tilapia is weaker than that of fish which adapt to extreme alkaline environment (e.g. Gymnocyprinus przewalskii), but it is still stronger than that of most freshwater cultured fish. At juvenile stage, The tolerance of Nile tilapia to carbonate stress was significantly enhanced when its body mass increased more than three times. Nile tilapia can be acclimated by daily alkaline increment of 2 g·L−1. The relationship of "time-alkalinity-mortality" under acute alkaline stress can be well fitted by complementary log-log model.
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Key words:
- Alkaline stress /
- Tolerance /
- Oreochromis niloticus /
- Size /
- Complementary log-log model
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图 1 尼罗罗非鱼随时间-碱度变化的累计死亡率观察值
a. 大规格鱼；b. 小规格鱼；后图同此
Figure 1. Observed value of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia with time-alkalinity change
a. Large size fish; b. Small size fish. The same case in the following figures.
图 2 CLL模型拟合尼罗罗非鱼随时间-碱度变化的累计死亡率
Figure 2. Cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia estimated by CLL model with time-alkalinity change
图 3 尼罗罗非鱼慢性碱驯化下的累计死亡率观察值
Figure 3. Observed value of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia with gradual alkalinity
图 4 Logistic模型拟合慢性碱驯化下尼罗罗非鱼的累计死亡率
Figure 4. Cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia estimated by Logistic model with gradual alkalinity
表 1 基于线性回归模型尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率的相关性分析
Table 1. Correlation analysis of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia by linear regression model
鱼
Fish胁迫时间
Stress time/h回归方程
Regression equation相关系数
Correlation coefficientP值
P value半致死浓度
LC50/(g·L−1)大规格鱼 Large size fish 96 y=0.329x−2.445 0.999 0.016 8.95 小规格鱼 Small size fish 96 y=0.200x−0.750 0.998 0.028 6.25 
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表 2 尼罗罗非鱼CLL模型的参数估计及其显著性检验
Table 2. Estimated and tested parameters of complementary log-log model of Nile tilapia
鱼
Fish半致死浓度
LC50/(g·L−1)条件死亡率模型
Conditional mortality model累计死亡率模型
Cumulative mortality model参数
Parameter系数
Coefficient标准误
Standard errort检验
T testP 参数
Parameter系数
Coefficient大规格鱼 Large size fish 9.01 β 21.401 1 0.150 7 142.015 9 0.000 1 β 21.401 1 γ48 −23.677 6 1.892 5 12.511 3 0.000 1 τ48 −22.710 7 γ96 −21.714 4 3.050 7 7.117 8 0.000 1 τ96 −20.800 2 Pearson卡方检验值 Chi square test 11.529 08<χ20.05=25.00，df=15，P=0.775 71>0.05
Hosmer & Lemeshow 拟合度卡方统计量 Statistic value 4.900 0<χ20.05=15.51，df=8，p=0.768 21>0.05小规格鱼 Small size fish 6.35 β 11.405 9 2.138 8 5.332 8 0.000 1 β 11.405 9 γ48 −12.630 2 1.894 3 6.667 5 0.000 1 τ48 −11.353 7 γ96 −10.923 7 1.814 3 6.021 0 0.000 1 τ96 −9.524 9 Pearson卡方检验值 Chi square test 23.255 01<χ20.05= 25.00，df=15，p=0.107 09>0.05
Hosmer & Lemeshow 拟合度卡方统计量 Statistic value 13.002 9<χ20.05= 15.51，df=8，P=0.111 75>0.05注：P>0.05表示模型拟合效果好 Note: P>0.05 imdicates that the model shows the best performance.
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表 3 慢性碱驯化下尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率相关分析
Table 3. Correlation Analysis of cumulative mortality of Nile tilapia with gradual alkalinity
鱼
Fish碱变化速度
Rate of alkaline
change/[g·(L·d)−1]成活时间
Survival time/h死亡碱度下限
Lower limit of
dead alkalinity/(g·L−1)生存碱度上限
Upper limit of
survival alkalinity/(g·L−1)半致死浓度
LC50/(g·L−1)相关系数
Correlation
coefficient大规格鱼 Large size fish +2 144 8.20 12.00 10.55 0.999 +4 92 7.21 15.92 11.59 0.997 +6 68 6.64 17.07 13.03 0.997 小规格鱼 Small size fish +2 140 8.01 11.50 9.91 0.999 +4 68 6.91 11.98 8.87 0.997 +6 52 5.90 15.23 8.54 0.999
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表 4 常见鱼类急性胁迫96 h的半致死浓度
Table 4. 96 h LC50 values of alkalinity of common fish species
种类
Species规格
Size半致死浓度
LC50/ (mol·L−1)青海湖裸鲤 Gymnocypris przewalskii (12.52±0.32) g 150.18×10−3 达里湖高原鳅 Triplophysa dalaica (8.72±1.20) g 120.0×10−3 威海卡拉白鱼 Chalcalburnus Chalcoides Aralensis 2.60~4.62 g 112.23×10−3 大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus (47.32±0.88) g 88.83×10−3 黄鳝 Monopterus albus (11.82±1.51) g 75.94×10−3 黑龙江泥鳅 Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski) (16.3±0.53) g 72.62×10−3 异育银鲫 Carassiusauratus gibelio (28.20±3.91) g 70.368×10−3 达里湖鲫 Carassius auratus Linnacus (4.16±0.47) cm 63.42×10−3 彭泽鲫 Carassius auratus var.pengzesis 3.26~3.68 g 59.87×10−3 花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus (3.19±0.21) cm 46.18×10−3 叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis 4.64~11.39 g 35.143×10−3 欧鲇 Silurus glurnis Linnaeus (0.32±0.11)~(0.73±0.12) g 5.099×10−3
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