中国花鲈在长江口不同亚生境中的栖息特征

彭彪彪; 赵峰; 王思凯; 张涛; 杨刚; 苗中博; 庄平

doi:10.12131/20210023

中国花鲈在长江口不同亚生境中的栖息特征

doi: 10.12131/20210023

彭彪彪^{1, 2,},
赵峰^{1, 2, 3},
王思凯^{2, 3},
张涛^{1, 2, 3},
杨刚^{2, 3},
苗中博^{1, 2},
庄平^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
上海海洋大学，上海 201306
2.
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海 200090
3.
上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心，上海 200090

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目 (2018YFD0900802)；国家自然科学基金项目 (32071584)；农业农村部财政专项 (CJDC-2017-23)

详细信息

作者简介:
彭彪彪 (1994—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水生生态学。E-mail: a18437923323@126.com

通讯作者:
庄　平 (1960—)，男，研究员，从事水生生物学研究。E-mail: pzhuang@ecsf.ac.cn

中图分类号: Q 178.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-13
- 修回日期: 2021-02-07
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-08

Habitat traits of Lateolabrax japonicus in different subhabitats of Yangtze River Estuary

Biaobiao PENG^{1, 2
,},
Feng ZHAO^{1, 2, 3},
Sikai WANG^{2, 3},
Tao ZHANG^{1, 2, 3},
Gang YANG^{2, 3},
Zhongbo MIAO^{1, 2},
Ping ZHUANG^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
3.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Stock Enhancement and Habitat Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200090, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究中国花鲈 (Lateolabrax maculatus) 在长江口盐沼湿地不同亚生境的选择利用情况，该研究于春、夏、秋、冬4个季节对九段沙湿地的潮沟、海三棱藨草 (Scirpus mariqueter) 植被区和光滩3种亚生境进行插网调查采样。结果显示，中国花鲈为长江口盐沼湿地优势种，在春、夏和秋季其空间生态位宽度逐渐减小，而在3种亚生境中的时间生态位宽度依次减小。中国花鲈的数量分布具有明显的时空差异，即春季最多，秋季最少；潮沟中最多，植被区次之，光滩最少。进入长江口盐沼湿地的中国花鲈以幼鱼为主，且集中在春季。潮沟区小规格个体所占比例较高，但光滩和海三棱藨草植被区大规格的个体所占比例高于潮沟。中国花鲈的平均摄食等级在潮沟亚生境表现出从春季到冬季逐渐增大的趋势；在光滩亚生境表现出从春季到秋季逐渐增大而到冬季骤减的趋势；在海三棱藨草亚生境表现为夏季最大、秋、冬季逐渐减小。中国花鲈平均摄食等级在春、夏、秋季表现为海三棱藨草>潮沟>光滩；而冬季较其他季节特殊，中国花鲈平均摄食等级表现为潮沟>海三棱藨草>光滩。
- 中国花鲈 /
- 亚生境 /
- 分布 /
- 长江口
Abstract: In order to explore the selection and utilization of Chinese seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) in different subhabitats of the salt marsh of the Yangtze River Estuary, we investigated three subhabitats of tidal creek, mudflat and Scirpus mariqueter vegetation area, and took samples in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The results show that L. maculatus was the dominant species in that area. The spatial niche breadth of L. maculatus decreased gradually in spring, summer and autumn, while the temporal niche width was in a descending order of tidal creek>S. mariqueter vegetation area>mudflat. There was a significant spatial-temporal difference in the population distribution of L. maculatus (highest in spring but lowest in autumn; most in tidal creek, followed by S. mariqueter vegetation area and mudflat). The majority of L. maculatus entering the Yangtze River Estuary were juveniles, which occurred mainly in spring. Small-size individuals preferred to inhabit in tidal creek, while large-size individuals preferred to inhabit in mudflat and S. mariqueter vegetation area. For the average feeding grade of L. maculatus, it increased gradually from spring to winter in tidal creek, and increased gradually from spring to autumn but decreased sharply in winter in mudflat, reaching the maximum in summer and decreased gradually in autumn and winter in S. mariqueter vegetation area. In spring, summer and autumn, the average feeding order of L. maculatus was in a descending order of S. mariqueter>tidal creek>mudflat. However, the average feeding grade was in a descending order of tidal creek>S. mariqueter> mudflat in winter.
- Lateolabrax japonicus /
- Subhabitat /
- Distribution /
- Yangtze River Estuary

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图 1 采样位置

Figure 1. Sampling site

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图 2 3种亚生境中国花鲈的个体数量

Figure 2. Individual population of L. maculatus in three subhabitats

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图 3 中国花鲈在3种亚生境的数量与总数量的比例

Figure 3. Number of L. maculatus individuals to total number in three subhabitats

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图 4 中国花鲈在3种亚生境的平均体长

Figure 4. Average body length of L. maculatus in three subhabitats

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图 5 各季节各亚生境中国花鲈各体长分组中个体数占比

Figure 5. Proportion of individuals in different body length groups of L. maculatus in different subhabitats and different seasons

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图 6 中国花鲈在各亚生境不同季节的摄食等级

Figure 6. Feeding grade of L. maculatus in different subhabitats and in different seasons

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表 1 九段沙湿地不同亚生境水温、盐度和水深的季节变化

Table 1. Seasonal variation of water temperature, salinity and water depth in different subhabitats of Jiuduansha Wetland

季节 Season	水温 Water temperature/℃			盐度 Salinity			最大水深 Maximum water depth/m
季节 Season	潮沟 Tidal creek	海三棱藨草 S. mariqueter	光滩 Mudflat	潮沟 Tidal creek	海三棱藨草 S. mariqueter	光滩 Mudflat	潮沟 Tidal creek	海三棱藨草 S. mariqueter	光滩 Mudflat
春季 Spring	13.5	16.1	13.6	1.83	1.46	1.49	3.5	1.6	1.7
夏季 Summer	28.2	28.3	28.5	1.04	0.43	0.81	4.3	2.1	2.2
秋季 Autumn	14.7	14.8	14.5	7.24	7.12	7.77	3.4	1.5	1.6
冬季 Winter	7.6	8.1	7.9	14.88	12.34	14.51	3.1	1.4	1.6

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表 2 九段沙3种亚生境主要种的相对重要性指数

Table 2. Relative importance index of main species in three subhabitats of Jiuduansha Wetland

种类 Species	潮沟 Tidal creek				海三棱藨草 S. mariqueter				光滩 Mudflat
种类 Species	N/%	W/%	F/%	IRI	N/%	W/%	F/%	IRI	N/%	W/%	F/%	IRI
中国花鲈 L. maculatus	26.5	24.8	100	5 130	35.9	40.5	100	7 645	17.7	43.5	100	6 119
斑尾刺虾虎鱼 A. ommaturus	23.8	63.2	100	8 698	8.3	7.9	75	1 216	2.8	9	100	1 180
鰉 L. haematocheila	1.5	4.9	75	480	20.5	40.7	75	6 117	6.1	28.3	100	3 444
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	40	1.6	25	1 040	12.8	0.2	25	326.6	17.1	0.8	50	897
黄姑鱼 N. jordan	1.6	0.1	25	43	1.9	0.02	25	48.6	22.3	5.7	25	700

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表 3 九段沙3种亚生境主要鱼种生态位宽度

Table 3. Niche breadth of main fish species three subhabitats of Jiuduansha Wetland

种类 Species	空间生态位宽度 Spatial niche width				时间生态位宽度 Temporal niche breadth
种类 Species	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter	潮沟 Tidal creek	海三棱藨草 S. mariqueter	光滩 Mudflat
中国花鲈 L. maculatus	0.88	0.52	0.16	0.26	0.78	0.66	0.39
斑尾刺虾虎鱼 A. ommaturus	0.17	0.41	0.45	0.51	0.97	0.22	0.18
鰉 L. haematocheila	0.57	0.21	0.45	0.89	0.27	0.90	0.72
小黄鱼 L. polyactis	0.57	0	0.01	0	0.16	0.14	0.28
黄姑鱼 N. albiflora	0	0.57	0	0	0.29	0.11	0.17

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