Treatment of amyloodiniosis in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) by copper sulfate
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摘要: 为更科学地使用硫酸铜治疗淀粉卵涡鞭虫病,该研究以卵形鲳鲹 (Trachinotus ovatus) 为动物模型,探讨了硫酸铜对眼点淀粉卵涡鞭虫 (Amyloodinium ocellatum) 生活史各个阶段的有效驱杀浓度和作用时间,并评估其对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的安全质量浓度范围。结果显示,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼对硫酸铜的耐受性强,安全质量浓度小于43.06 mg·L−1。用3.13、0.78、0.20 mg·L−1硫酸铜溶液分别药浴处理10、30、60 min可100%驱杀涡孢子;用2.0、1.0、0.5 mg·L−1硫酸铜溶液分别药浴浸泡鱼体2、4、8 h可100%清除鱼体上的营养体;而包囊对硫酸铜的耐受性强,用100 mg·L−1硫酸铜溶液连续药浴,仍有90%以上的包囊能继续分裂。治疗实验显示,在0.2、0.4 mg·L−1硫酸铜溶液中连续药浴10 d,对患病鱼的相对保护率分别为80%和90%,表明使用低浓度硫酸铜溶液连续药浴可有效治疗卵形鲳鲹淀粉卵涡鞭虫病。Abstract: In order to use copper sulfate scientifically to treat the disease caused by parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum in farmed fish, golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) was used as an animal model to study the copper sulfate's effective concentration and time of killing of each stage of A. ocellatum. The safety concentration of copper sulfate to juvenile golden pompano was evaluated. Results show that the juveniles had good tolerance to copper sulfate and the safety concentration was less than 43.06 mg·L−1. The effective concentrations of copper sulfate to kill full dinospores within 10, 30 and 60 min were 3.13, 0.78 and 0.20 mg·L−1, respectively. At copper sulfate concentrations of 2, 1 and 0.5 mg·L−1, trophonts were detached from the host within 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively. However, tomonts were highly resistant to copper sulfate because they divided when being incubated with 100 mg·L−1 copper sulfate solution. Additionally, the relative protection rates of pompanos infected with A. ocellatum were 80% and 90% when being immersed continuously in 0.2 and 0.4 mg·L−1 copper sulfate solutions, respectively for 10 d. These results imply that the immersion to copper sulfate solution can protect golden pompano from A. ocellatum infection at low concentration.
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Key words:
- Trachinotus ovatus /
- Amyloodinium ocellatum /
- Copper sulfate /
- Immersion
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图 1 寄生在病鱼鳃处的眼点淀粉卵涡鞭虫营养体显微镜观察
a. 感染鱼鳃上营养体寄生情况;b. 感染鱼经1 mg·L−1硫酸铜溶液浸泡1 h后鳃上营养体寄生情况;c. 感染鱼经1 mg·L−1硫酸铜溶液浸泡4 h后鳃上营养体寄生情况
Figure 1. Microscopic observation of trophonts on gill of infection fish
a. Parasitism of trophonts on the gill of infected fish; b. Parasitism of trophonts on the gills of infected fish after being immersed in 1 mg·L−1 copper sulfate solution for 1 h; c. Parasitism of trophonts on the gills of infected fish after being immersed in 1 mg·L−1 copper sulfate solution for 4 h
表 1 硫酸铜溶液对眼点淀粉卵涡鞭虫涡孢子的杀灭效果
Table 1. Effect of copper sulfate solution on A. ocellatum dinospores
时间
t/min硫酸铜质量浓度 Concentration of copper sulfate/(mg·L−1) 100 50 25 12.5 6.25 3.13 1.56 0.78 0.39 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.025 0 10 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++ ++ + + − − − 30 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ +++ ++ + − − 60 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ + − − 120 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ + − − 注:“++++”、“+++”、“++”、“+”和“−”分别代表能引起100%、75%、50%、25%和0%涡孢子死亡 Note: "++++", "+++", "++", "+" and "−" represent the mortalities of dinospores were 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%, respectively. 表 2 硫酸铜溶液对眼点淀粉卵涡鞭虫包囊分裂率的影响
Table 2. Effect of copper sulfate solution on A. ocellatum tomonts cleavage rate
% 硫酸铜质量浓度
Concentration of copper sulfate/(mg·L−1)浸泡时间 Immersing time/h 24 48 72 96 100.00 90.92±1.90ab 90.92±1.90ab 90.92±1.90ab 90.92±1.90ab 50.00 93.95±1.93ab 93.95±1.93ab 93.95±1.93ab 93.95±1.93ab 25.00 90.50±2.60b 90.50±2.60b 90.50±2.60b 90.50±2.60b 12.50 94.88±0.52 ab 94.88±0.52ab 94.88±0.52ab 94.88±0.52ab 6.25 95.33±1.16 ab 95.33±1.16ab 95.33±1.16ab 95.33±1.16ab 3.13 97.10±2.52ab 97.10±2.52ab 97.10±2.52ab 97.10±2.52ab 1.56 97.13±2.66ab 97.13±2.66ab 97.13±2.66ab 97.13±2.66ab 0.78 97.33±2.329a 97.33±2.329a 97.33±2.329a 97.33±2.329a 0.39 96.91±2.75ab 96.91±2.75ab 96.91±2.75ab 96.91±2.75ab 0.20 96.10±3.62ab 96.10±3.62ab 96.10±3.62ab 96.10±3.62ab 0.10 95.55±0.51ab 95.55±0.51ab 95.55±0.51ab 95.55±0.51ab 0 96.94±2.68ab 96.94±2.68ab 96.94±2.68ab 96.94±2.68ab 注:同行数据不同字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05) Note: Values with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (P<0.05). 表 3 卵形鲳鲹幼鱼对硫酸铜溶液的耐受力
Table 3. Tolerance of juvenile T. ovatus to copper sulfate solution
时间
t/h硫酸铜质量浓度
Concentration of copper sulfate/(mg·L−1)300 230.77 177.51 136.55 105.04 0 24 100 55 35 10 5 0 48 100 75 50 15 10 0 72 100 85 55 30 10 0 96 100 85 55 30 10 0 表 4 不同质量浓度硫酸铜浸泡不同时间的相对驱虫率
Table 4. Relative deworming rate of different mass concentrations of copper sulfate immerse for different time
硫酸铜质量浓度
Concentration of copper sulfate/(mg·L−1)浸泡时间 Immersing time/h 0.5 1 2 4 8 4.0 98.29±1.49 98.69±0.76 100.00±0.00 − − 2.0 95.85±2.41 98.24±1.56 100.00±0.00 − − 1.0 66.00±8.59 88.82±3.75 96.73±2.03 100.00±0.00 − 0.5 43.72±14.77 75.25±12.26 90.95±4.04 97.99±2.05 100.00±0.00 0.4 9.96±2.59 33.94±0.29 85.09±3.69 95.80±1.24 99.46±0.23 0.3 14.43±1.44 13.82±1.72 27.37±1.31 27.64±2.26 64.02±2.59 0.2 7.11±7.19 16.26±14.95 14.84±0.86 21.27±3.78 66.26±3.66 0.0 1.16±6.54 2.61±2.72 −3.04±4.58 0.14±5.31 2.17±5.43 注:−. 未取样 Note: −. Not sampled -
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