Characteristics of axial skeleton in Seriola dumerili
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摘要: 文章采用X光射线法结合生物生态消化法，对高体 (Seriola dumerili) 个体中轴骨骼进行了消化、拍照及描述性统计。研究发现高体中轴骨骼包括头骨和脊柱，头骨分为脑颅和咽颅两部分，脑颅分为筛区、眼区、耳区、枕区4区及围眶骨系，咽颅分为颌弓、舌弓、鳃弓3区及鳃盖骨系；高体躯干支撑结构为脊柱，脊柱由前后连接的椎骨组成，每节椎骨均由形态不同的椎体、髓棘、髓弓组成，部分椎骨分化出椎体横突、肋骨、脉弓和脉棘。结果表明，高体头部主要骨骼约为128块，其中脑颅 (包括围眶骨系) 39块，咽颅 (包括鳃盖骨系) 89块；包括尾杆骨在内，高体脊柱椎骨数目为24，脊柱共有髓棘、髓弓23枚，脉棘14枚、脉弓15枚，椎体横突10对，无背肋，腹肋9对。Abstract: With X-ray and ecological digestion methods, the axial skeleton of Seriola dumerili were digested, photographed and described statistically. It is showed that the axial skeleton of S. dumerili included skull and spine. The skull was divided into neurocranium and splanchnocranium. The neurocranium was composed of ethmoidal region, orbital region, otic region, occipital region and circumorbital series. The splanchnocranium was divided into mandibular arch, hyoid arch, branchial arch and opercular series. The supporting structure spine was composed of vertebrae connected front and back. All vertebra consisted of centrum, neural spine and neural arch in different shapes. Partial vertebrae differentiated into parapophysis, ribs, haemal arches and haemal spines. The results show that the main bones of skull were about 128, including 39 neurocranium and 89 splanchnocranium. The number of vertebrae of S. dumerili spine was 24, with 23 neural spine, 23 neural arch, 14 haemal spines, 15 haemal arch, 10 pairs of parapophysis and 9 pairs of ventral ribs, but without dorsal rib.
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Key words:
- Seriola dumerili /
- Axial skeleton /
- X-ray /
- Ecological digestion
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图 1 方斑东风螺对高体个体去肌肉、去内脏的消化处理
Figure 1. Digestive treatment of S. dumerili of muscle and viscera removed by B. areolata
图 2 高体X射线影像
1. 脊椎骨；2. 上颌骨；3. 下颌骨；4. 脑颅；5. 眼；6. 腹腔；7. 鳔；8. 肋骨；9. 胸鳍；10. 背鳍；11. 腹鳍；12. 臀鳍；13. 尾鳍；14. 尾杆骨
Figure 2. X-ray image of S. dumerili
1. Vartebra; 2. Upper jaws; 3. Lower jaws; 4. Neurocranium; 5. Eye; 6. Abdominal cavity; 7. Bladder; 8. Ribs; 9. Pectoral fin; 10. Dorsal fin; 11. Pelvic fin; 12. Anal fin; 13. Caudal fin; 14. Urostyle
图 3 经方斑东风螺消化后高体中轴骨骼
1. 颌骨；2. 脑颅；3. 肋骨；4. 髓棘；5. 脉棘；6. 尾杆骨
Figure 3. Axial skeleton of S. dumerili after digestion by B. areolata
1. Maxilla; 2. Neurocranium; 3. Ribs; 4. Neural spine; 5. Haemal spine; 6. Urostyle
图 4 高体头骨图示
a. 筛区；1. 犁骨；2. 侧筛骨；3. 前筛骨；4. 鼻骨；5. 中筛骨；b. 眼区；1. 额骨；2. 基蝶骨；3. 翼蝶骨；4. 副蝶骨；c. 耳区；1. 后耳骨；2. 顶骨；3. 蝶耳骨；4. 上耳骨；5. 翼耳骨；6. 前耳骨；d. 枕区；1-a. 基枕骨截面；1-b. 基枕骨侧面；2. 侧枕骨；3. 上枕骨；e. 围眶骨系；1. 眶下骨；2. 眶前骨；3. 眶后骨；4. 眶上骨；5. 泪骨；f. 颌弓；1. 关节骨；2. 腭骨；3. 前颌骨；4. 后翼骨；5. 上颌骨；6. 辅上颌骨；7. 中翼骨；8. 前翼骨；9. 齿骨；10. 隅骨；11. 方骨；g. 舌弓和鳃弓；1. 舌颌骨；2. 角舌骨；3. 上舌骨；4. 基舌骨；5. 续骨；6. 咽头悬着骨；h. 鳃盖骨系；1. 间鳃盖骨；2. 下鳃盖骨；3. 前鳃盖骨；4. 鳃盖骨
Figure 4. Diagram of S. dumerili skull
a. Ethmoidal region; 1. Vomer; 2. Ectoethmoid; 3. Preethmoid; 4. Nasal; 5. Mesethmoid; b. Orbital region; 1. Frontal; 2. Basisphenoid; 3. Alisphenoid; 4. Parasphenoid; c. Otic region; 1. Opisthotica; 2. Parietal; 3. Sphenotic; 4. Epiotic; 5. Pterotic; 6. Prootic; d. Occipital region; 1-a. Basioccipitale bone cross section; 1-b. Basioccipitale bone side section; 2. Exoccipital bone; 3. Supraoccipital bone; e. Circumorbital series; 1. Infraorbital bone; 2. Preorbital bone; 3. Postorbital bone; 4. Supraorbital bone; 5. Lacrimal bone; f. Mandibular arch; 1. Articular; 2. Palatine; 3. Premaxilla; 4. Metapterygoid; 5. Maxilla; 6. Supramaxilla; 7. Metapterygoid; 8. Prepterygoid; 9. Alvenlus; 10. Angulare; 11. Quadrate; g. Hyoid arch and branchial arch; 1. Hyomandibular; 2. Ceratohyal; 3. Epihyal; 4. Intrahyoid; 5. Symplecticum; 6. Suspensory branchial; h. Opercular series; 1. Interoperculum; 2. Suboperculum; 3. Praeopercular; 4. Operculums
表 1 高体中轴骨骼
Table 1. Axial skeleton statistics of S. dumeril
部位
Part组成
Composition区位
Region骨骼
Skeleton数量
Number合计
Total头部 Head 脑颅+围眶骨系
Neurocranium and circumorbital series筛区 Ethmoidal region 前筛骨 Preethmoid 1块 7块 犁骨 Vomer 1块 鼻骨 Nasal 1对 中筛骨 Mesethmoid 1块 侧筛骨 Ectoethmoid 1对 眼区 Orbital region 额骨 Frontal 1对 6块 副蝶骨 Parasphenoid 1块 翼蝶骨 Alisphenoid 1对 基蝶骨 Basisphenoid 1块 耳区 Otic region 蝶耳骨 Sphenotic 1对 12块 翼耳骨 Pterotic 1对 前耳骨 Prootic 1对 后耳骨 Opisthotica 1对 顶骨 Parietal 1对 上耳骨 Epiotic 1对 枕区 Occipital region 侧枕骨 Exoccipital bone 1对 4块 基枕骨 Basioccipital bone 1块 上枕骨 Supraoccipital bone 1块 围眶骨系 Circumorbital series 泪骨 Lacrimal bone 1对 10块 (5对) 眶下骨 Infraorbital bone 1对 眶后骨 Postorbital bone 1对 眶上骨 Supraorbital bone 1对 眶前骨 Preorbital bone 1对 咽颅+鳃盖骨系
Splanchnocranium and opercular series颌弓 Mandibular arch 前颌骨 Premaxilla 1对 24块 (12对) 上颌骨 Maxilla 1对 腭骨 Palatine 1对 前翼骨 Prepterygoid 1对 中翼骨 Mesopterygoid 1对 后翼骨 Metapterygoid 1对 方骨 Quadrate 1对 齿骨 Alvenlus 1对 关节骨 Articular 1对 隅骨 Angulare 1对 辅上颌骨 Supramaxilla 1对 麦克尔氏软骨 Meckel's cartilage 1对 舌弓 Hyoid arch 舌颌骨 Hyomandibular 1对 22块 续骨 Symplecticum 1对 基舌骨 Intrahyoid 1块 下舌骨 Hypohyal 2对 角舌骨 Ceratohyal 1对 上舌骨 Epihyal 1对 尾舌骨 Urohyal 1块 间舌骨 Interhyal 1对 鳃条骨 Branchiostegal ray 3对 鳃弓 Branchial arch 基鳃骨 Basibranchial 3块 35块 下鳃骨 Hypobranchial 3对 角鳃骨 Ceratobranchial 4对 上鳃骨 Epibranchial 4对 上咽骨 Epipharyngeal 3对 下咽骨 Hypopharyngeal 1对 咽头悬着骨 Suspensory branchial 1对 鳃盖骨系 Opercular series 前鳃盖骨 Praeopercular 1对 8块 鳃盖骨 Operculums 1对 下鳃盖骨 Suboperculum 1对 间鳃盖骨 Interoperculum 1对 躯干 Body 脊柱 Spine 椎骨 Vartebra 椎体 Vartebrae 24枚 − 髓棘 Vartebra 23枚 髓弓 Neural arch 23枚 脉棘 Haemal spine 14枚 脉弓 Haemal arch 15枚 椎体横突 Haemal spine 10对 肋骨 (腹肋) Ventral ribs 9对 
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