Effects of different disinfectants on water quality and microbial community structure of Litopenaeus vannamei
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摘要: 该研究使用碘 (I2)、二氧化氯 (ClO2)、甲醛溶液 (HCHO) 和漂白粉 [Ca(ClO)2] 4种常用消毒剂对凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 育苗海水处理后，研究了不同发育期育苗水体总菌和弧菌数量、氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量、幼体成活率以及水体和幼体菌群的变化。结果显示：1) 甲醛组水体的总菌数较低，且弧菌数量最低；2) 4种消毒剂组水体氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度均低于对照组，其中漂白粉组最低；3) 甲醛组幼体成活率显著高于其他各组 (P<0.05)；4) 消毒剂改变了育苗水体和幼体的菌群结构和优势菌丰度，育苗水体菌群组成比幼体更为复杂，且早期阶段比后期复杂。其中， 无节幼体 (N6)—溞状幼体 (Z1)阶段水体优势菌属主要为OM43_clade、食烷菌属 (Alcanivorax)、赤杆菌属 (Erythrobacter)、交替赤杆菌属 (Altererythrobacter)、黄杆菌属 (Tenacibaculum)、水栖菌属 (Enhydrobacter)、泥滩微菌属 (Gilvibacter) 等，糠虾幼体(M1)—仔虾 (P1)阶段水体中优势菌属有东吉科拉属 (Donghicola)、黏着杆菌属 (Cohaesibacter)、Phaeodactylibacter、念珠菌属 (Candidatus-Cquiluna) 和鲁杰氏菌属 (Ruegeria)，而幼体中的优势菌属有弧菌属 (Vibrio)、动性杆菌属 (Planomicrobium)、微杆菌属 (Exiguobacterium)、嗜冷杆菌属 (Psychrobacter)、不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)、嗜甲基菌属 (Methylophaga) 和盐单胞菌属 (Halomonas)。Abstract: We analyzed the total number of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio, ammonia and nitrite nitrogen of water, survival rate of larvae, bacterial community of larvae and rearing water of Litopenaeus vannamei after different disinfection treatment of hatchery water, including iodine (I2), chlorine dioxide solution (ClO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and bleach [Ca(ClO)2]. The results show that the total number of bacteria and Vibrio in the formaldehyde group was lower, and the number of Vibrio was the lowest. The concentration of ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in the four disinfectants groups was lower than that in the control group, and the concentration of bleach group was the lowest. The survival rate of the larvae in the formaldehyde group was significantly higher than those in the other four groups (P<0.05). The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing reveals that the disinfectant changed the microbial community and abundance of dominant bacteria of the hatchery water and the larvae. The bacterial composition of the hatchery water was more complex than that of the larvae, and the early stage was more complex than the late stage. Besides, the genera OM43_clade, Alcanivorax, Erythrobacter, Altererythrobacter, Tenacibaculum, Enhydrobacter and Gilvibacter were enriched in the N6−Z1 periods of rearing water; Donghicola, Cohaesibacter, Phaeodactylibacter, Candidatus-Cquiluna and Ruegeria were enriched in the M1−P1 periods of rearing water, while Vibrio, Planomicrobium, Exiguobacterium, Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Methylophaga and Halomonas had high abundance in the larvae.
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Key words:
- Litopenaeus vannamei /
- Hatchery water /
- Disinfection /
- Survival rate /
- Microbial community
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图 1 不同实验组中水体氨氮和亚硝酸氮质量浓度变化
Figure 1. Change in mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in water in different groups
图 2 不同实验组中水体总菌和弧菌数量变化
Figure 2. Changes of total aquatic bacteria and Vibrio in different groups
图 3 不同消毒剂0、48和96 h后各组水体属水平菌群组成相对丰度
Figure 3. Relative abundance of microbial community of hatchery water after 0 h, 48 h and 96 h of different disinfectants groups at genus level
图 4 不同实验组育苗水体属水平菌群组成相对丰度
Figure 4. Relative abundance of microbial community of hatchery water in different groups at genus level
图 5 不同实验组幼体属水平菌群组成相对丰度
Figure 5. Relative abundance of microbial community of larvae in different groups at genus level
图 6 不同实验组幼体不同时期的成活率
Figure 6. Survival rates of L. vannamei larvae at different developmental stages
表 1 不同消毒剂组育苗海水处理24与72 h (无节幼体期) 水体中总异养细菌数量及灭菌效率
Table 1. Number of heterotrophic bacteria and sterilization efficiency in seawater treated with different disinfectant groups for 24 h and 72 h (N stage)
实验组
Treatment group处理24 h Treated for 24 h 处理72 h Treated for 72 h 总异养细菌数量
Total number of heterotrophic
bacteria/(105 CFU·mL−1)灭菌效率
Sterilization efficiency/%总异养细菌数量
Total number of heterotrophic
bacteria/(105 CFU·mL−1)灭菌效率
Sterilization efficiency/%对照 Control 2.75±0.32 4.51 2.25±0.42 21.88 碘 I2 0.73±0.12 74.65 2.43±0.54 15.71 二氧化氯 ClO2 0.31±0.10 89.24 0.90±0.09 68.66 甲醛 HCHO 0.15±0.06 94.62 0.39±0.03 86.46 漂白粉 Ca(ClO)2 1.47±0.28 48.96 2.24±0.05 22.40 
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