广东沿海养殖牡蛎中多氯联苯残留水平及人体饮食暴露风险评估

马丽莎; 谢文平; 田斐; 尹怡; 单奇; 郑光明; 李恒翔

doi:10.12131/20200209

广东沿海养殖牡蛎中多氯联苯残留水平及人体饮食暴露风险评估

doi: 10.12131/20200209

马丽莎^1,,
谢文平¹,
田斐²,
尹怡¹,
单奇¹,
郑光明^1, ,,
李恒翔^{3, 4}

1.
中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室/农村农业部水产品质量安全风险评估实验室 (广州)，广东广州 510380
2.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室，广东广州 510300
3.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所/中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院，广东广州 510301
4.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 (广州)，广东广州 511458

基金项目: 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金 (FEEL-2020-8)；南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室 (广州) 人才团队引进重大专项 (GML2019ZD0404)；中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目 (ISEE2019ZR03)

详细信息

作者简介:
马丽莎 (1981—)，女，硕士，助理研究员，从事水产品质量安全与风险评估研究。E-mail: malisha16@163.com

通讯作者:
郑光明 (1964—)，男，硕士，研究员，从事水产品质量安全与风险评估研究。E-mail: zgm-zyl@163.com

中图分类号: X 836
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- 文章访问数: 59
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-13
- 修回日期: 2020-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-05

Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

Lisha MA^1
,,
Wenping XIE¹,
Fei TIAN²,
Yi YIN¹,
Qi SHAN¹,
Guangming ZHENG^{1
, ,},
Hengxiang LI^{3, 4}

1.
Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, China
2.
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China
3.
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
4.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China

摘要

摘要: 文章利用气相色谱质谱法测定了广东沿海主要养殖区 (汕头、汕尾、深圳、珠海、江门、阳江、湛江) 养殖牡蛎体内30种多氯联苯 (Polychlorinated biphenys, PCBs) 的含量，评价了其污染水平和致癌风险。结果表明，广东养殖牡蛎中普遍检出PCBs，检出率为97.6%，其质量分数为nd~8.62 ng·g⁻¹ (湿质量，下同)，平均值为 (0.57±1.23) ng·g⁻¹，其中以深圳水域养殖牡蛎体内的PCBs含量最高，珠海次之，汕头、阳江、江门、湛江及汕尾较低。不同地区养殖牡蛎中PCBs的组成模式类似，均以五氯代和六氯代PCBs为主。与国内外部分沿海海域贝类相比，广东省养殖牡蛎中PCBs含量处于较低水平。广东省养殖牡蛎中PCBs残留量低于中国《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》及欧盟国家的贝类卫生标准，食用牡蛎的致癌风险及危害商数均小于美国环保局 (EPA) 推荐的可接受风险水平，致癌风险处于可接受风险水平。
- 牡蛎 /
- 多氯联苯残留 /
- 风险评估 /
- 广东
Abstract: We analyzed 30 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the farmed oysters (Crassostrea rivularis, C. hongkongensis, C. gigas) from the main aquaculture areas along Guangdong coast (Shantou, Shanwei, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Yangjiang and Zhanjiang) by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The detection rates of PCBs in oysters and their potential risks to human health were also evaluated. Results show that PCBs had a detection rate of 97.6% in the farmed oysters along Guangdong coast. Concentration of PCBs in oysters ranged from nd to 8.62 ng·g⁻¹ (wet mass), with an average value of (0.57±1.23) ng·g⁻¹. The highest PCBs concentration was found in Shenzhen, followed by Zhuhai, Shantou, Yangjiang, Jiangmen, Zhanjiang and Shanwei. The congeners of PCBs and their compositions were similar in different locations, showing that Hexa-PCBs and Penta-PCBs are the most abundant components in oysters. Compared with the shellfish in other coastal waters at home and abroad, the concentration of PCBs in this study is at a lower level. Bioaccumulation of PCBs in farmed oysters is lower than the limited residue levels of PCBs in National Food Safety Standard Limits of Pollutants in food in China and the hygienic standard for shellfish in European Union. The carcinogenic risk and hazard quotient of PCBs in oysters are less than the threshold value of the US Environmental Protection Agency, indicating that the carcinogenic risk of indicator PCBs in Guangdong oysters is at an acceptable level for consumers.
- Oyster /
- Bioaccumulation of PCBs /
- Risk assessment /
- Guangdong Province

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图 1 广东沿海养殖区牡蛎采样站点示意图

Figure 1. Sampling sites of farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

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图 2 广东沿海养殖牡蛎多氯联苯同分异构体组成模式

Figure 2. PCB congener profiles in farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

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图 3 广东沿海养殖牡蛎不同氯代多氯联苯分布

Figure 3. PCB homologue profiles in farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

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表 1 广东沿海养殖牡蛎多氯联苯的残留水平及检出率

Table 1. Concentration and occurrence rates of PCBs in farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

采样点 Sampling site	多氯联苯 w (PCBs)/(ng·g⁻¹, wet mass)		检出率 Detection rate/%
采样点 Sampling site	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	检出率 Detection rate/%
汕头 Shantou	0.16~0.67	0.34	100
汕尾 Shanwei	nd~0.87	0.21	90.6
深圳 Shenzhen	nd~8.62	3.90	100
珠海 Zhuhai	0.06~1.60	0.63	100
江门 Jiangmen	nd~1.00	0.30	95.8
阳江 Yangjiang	0.12~0.82	0.33	100
湛江 Zhanjiang	nd~0.80	0.22	97.1
注：nd. 未检出；后表同此 Note: nd. Undetected; the same case in the following table.

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表 2 国内外不同地区双壳贝类多氯联苯质量分数比较

Table 2. Comparison of PCBs concentration in oysters from different sampling sites in the world

采样地点 Sampling site	采样时间 Sampling time	多氯联苯 w(PCBs)/(ng·g⁻¹)	文献 Reference
广东沿海 (中国) Guangdong coast (China)	2016—2017	nd~36.07^a, nd~8.62^b, nd~319.26^c, 0.57±1.23^b	本研究
舟山渔场 (中国) Zhoushan fishery areas (China)	2010	18.0~95.9^a	[24]
宁波 (中国) Ningbo (China)	2009	nd~0.32^b	[25]
青岛 (中国) Qingdao (China)	2018	nd~168.66^a	[26]
海口 (中国) Haikou (China)	2017	17.51~47.43^a	[27]
厦门 (中国) Xiamen (China)	2014	3.4±4.3^b	[28]
山东沿海 (中国) Shandong coast (China)	2017	nd~36.8^b	[29]
萨克森瓦登海岸 (德国) Sachsenwadden coast (Germany)	2007	475.75~937.39^c	[30]
尼加拉瓜海岸 (尼加拉瓜) Nicaraguan coast (Nicaraguan)	2012—2013	230^a	[31]
孟加拉国沿海 (孟加拉) Bangladesh coast (Bangladesh)	2015	3.8~37.7^b	[32]
加利西亚海岸 (西班牙) Galicia coast (Spain)	2011—2014	5.58~179.49^a	[33]
地中海海岸 (西班牙) Mediterranean coast (Spain)	2000—2013	0.1~5.8^a	[34]
巴塔哥尼亚 (阿根廷) Patagonia (Argentina)	2010	48~61^a	[35]
注：a. 以组织干质量计；b. 以组织湿质量计；c. 以组织脂质量计 Note: a, b and c indicate PCBs concentrations calculated based on dry tissue mass, wet tissue mass and lipid tissue mass, respectively.

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表 3 广东养殖牡蛎多氯联苯的人体健康风险评价

Table 3. Human health risk assessment for PCBs in farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

采样点 Sampling site	评价参数 Evaluation parameter	儿童 (2~5岁) Child (2−5 years)		青少年 (6~18岁) Teenager (6−18 years)		成人 (>18岁) Adult (>18 years)
采样点 Sampling site	评价参数 Evaluation parameter	男 Boy	女 Girl	男 Boy	女 Girl	男 Male	女 Female
汕头 Shantou	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	4.22	2.54	13.58	8.40	8.40	7.96
	致癌风险 CR	1.3×10⁻⁹	8.5×10⁻¹⁰	6.8×10⁻¹⁰	4.7×10⁻¹⁰	1.7×10⁻¹⁰	2.1×10⁻¹⁰
	危害商数 HQ	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
汕尾 Shanwei	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	2.61	1.57	8.39	5.19	5.19	4.92
	致癌风险 CR	7.9×10⁻¹⁰	5.2×10⁻¹⁰	4.2×10⁻¹⁰	2.9×10⁻¹⁰	1.1×10⁻¹⁰	1.3×10⁻¹⁰
	危害商数 HQ	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
深圳 Shenzhen	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	48.01	28.88	154.57	95.63	95.63	90.56
	致癌风险 CR	1.5×10⁻⁸	9.6×10⁻⁹	7.7×10⁻⁹	5.3×10⁻⁹	1.9×10⁻⁹	2.4×10⁻⁹
	危害商数 HQ	0.15	0.09	0.20	0.13	0.08	0.08
珠海 Zhuhai	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	7.69	4.63	24.77	15.33	15.33	14.51
	致癌风险 CR	2.3×10⁻⁹	1.5×10⁻⁹	1.2×10⁻⁹	8.5×10⁻¹⁰	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	3.9×10⁻¹⁰
	危害商数 HQ	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01
江门 Jiangmen	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	3.68	2.22	11.86	7.34	7.34	6.95
	致癌风险 CR	1.1×10⁻⁹	7.4×10⁻¹⁰	5.9×10⁻¹⁰	4.1×10⁻¹⁰	1.5×10⁻¹⁰	1.9×10⁻¹⁰
	危害商数 HQ	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
阳江 Yangjiang	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	4.08	2.45	13.14	8.13	8.13	7.70
	致癌风险 CR	1.2×10⁻⁹	8.2×10⁻¹⁰	6.6×10⁻¹⁰	4.5×10⁻¹⁰	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	2.1×10⁻¹⁰
	危害商数 HQ	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
湛江 Zhanjiang	日摄入量 EDI/(ng·d⁻¹)	2.65	1.60	8.54	5.28	5.28	5.00
	致癌风险 CR	8.1×10⁻¹⁰	5.3×10⁻¹⁰	4.3×10⁻¹⁰	2.9×10⁻¹⁰	1.1×10⁻¹⁰	1.4×10⁻¹⁰
	危害商数 HQ	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00

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