长江口邻近水域仔稚鱼分层群聚特征分析

李建生; 凌建忠; 胡芬

doi:10.12131/20200198

长江口邻近水域仔稚鱼分层群聚特征分析

doi: 10.12131/20200198

中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所/农业农村部东海渔业资源开发与利用重点实验室，上海 200090

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项 (2020YFD0900800)；东海区近岸水域产卵场调查 (2014—2018)

详细信息

作者简介:
李建生 (1976—)，男，硕士，副研究员，从事渔业资源与生态学研究。E-mail: jianshengli@sina.com

中图分类号: S931
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-24
- 修回日期: 2020-12-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-29

Analysis on characteristics of stratified clustering of larvae and juveniles in adjacent waters of Yangtze River Estuary

East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, China

摘要

摘要: 利用长江口邻近水域2016年春季的仔稚鱼分层调查数据，分析了仔稚鱼的种类数、丰度、多样性和优势种的分层变化特征及其与温盐度的关系。结果表明，共捕获仔稚鱼1 548尾，平均每网捕获55尾。各水层的丰度值变化介于80.85~312.03 尾·km⁻³，以50 m水层最大，30 m水层次之，15 m水层最小；种类数变化介于7~14种，从5 m水层至50 m水层呈持续增加的趋势。仔稚鱼的前弯曲期仔鱼期、弯曲期仔鱼期、后弯曲期仔鱼期和稚鱼期等4个发育阶段的丰度值均以50 m层最大。水层从浅到深，种类数和丰富度指数持续升高，而多样度指数和均匀度指数则先增加后减小。根据相对重要性指数判断，5 m层的主要种类有3种，其他水层的主要种类均有5种，主要种类在各水层的相对重要性指数存在一定差异。各水层之间的仔稚鱼种类数与盐度有显著正相关关系 (P<0.05，R=0.86)，即随着水深增加和盐度升高，种类数也增多。在中上层水体，仔稚鱼丰度与水温之间存在极显著正相关关系 (P<0.01，R=0.98)；在中下层水体，仔稚鱼丰度与盐度之间存在显著正相关关系 (P<0.05，R=0.79)。
- 仔稚鱼 /
- 分层 /
- 群聚 /
- 长江口
Abstract: Based on the stratified survey data of larvae and juveniles in the adjacent waters of the Yangtze River Estuary in spring 2016, we investigated the stratified variation characteristics of species number, abundance, diversity and dominant species of larvae and juveniles and their relationship with temperature and salinity. Altogether 1 548 larvae and juveniles were caught with an average of 55 per net. The variation range of abundance value of each water layer was 80.85-312.03 ind ·km⁻³, with 50 m water layer being the largest, 30 m water layer being the smallest, and 15 m water layer being the smallest. The fish species number varied from 7 to 14, with a continuous increase trend from 5 m water layer to 50 m water layer. The abundance of larvae and juveniles in the four developmental stages was the highest at 50 m water layer. The species number and richness index showed a trend of continuous increase from shallow water to deep water, while the diversity index and evenness index increased first and then decreased. According to the IRI index, there were three main species at 5 m water layer. There were five main species at each of the other water layers, but there were some differences in their IRI index among different water layers. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of larval and juvenile fish species and their salinity (P<0.05, R=0.86). Thus, with the increase of water depth and salinity, the number of species also increased. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of juvenile and water temperature in the upper and middle water (P<0.01, R=0.98); there was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of juvenile and salinity in the lower and middle water (P<0.05, R=0.79).
- Larvae and juveniles /
- Stratification /
- Clustering /
- Yangtze River Estuary

HTML全文

图 1 长江口邻近水域仔稚鱼分层调查站位

Figure 1. Stations of stratified investigation of larvae and juveniles in adjacent waters of Yangtze River Estuary

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图 2 不同水层仔稚鱼丰度和种类数的变化

Figure 2. Changes of abundance and species number of larvae and juveniles at different water layers

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图 3 不同发育期仔稚鱼在各水层的丰度分布

Figure 3. Abundance distribution of larvae and juveniles of different developmental stages at different water layers

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表 1 各水层仔稚鱼多样性指数的变化

Table 1. Changes of diversity index of larvae and juveniles at different water layers

水层 Water layer	种类数 S	Margalef 丰富度指数 D	Shannon 多样度指数 H'	Pielou 均匀度指数 J'
5 m	7	1.32	0.71	0.36
15 m	8	1.73	1.47	0.71
30 m	11	2.17	1.45	0.61
50 m	14	2.41	1.46	0.55

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表 2 各水层仔稚鱼的相对重要性指数变化

Table 2. Changes of index of relative importance of larvae and juveniles at different water layers

种类 Species	水层 Water layer
种类 Species	5 m	15 m	30 m	50 m
六丝矛尾虾虎鱼 Chaeturichthys hexanema	4 731.36	4 759.20	4 577.00	5 613.16
小黄鱼 Larimichthys polyactis	87.91	1 439.60	1 528.97	1 331.47
红娘鱼属未定种 Lepidotrigla sp.	151.64	1 090.06	684.56	883.06
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratus	73.38	212.68	197.56	321.85
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	116.26	67.95	50.64	28.27
舌鳎属未定种 Cynoglossus sp.	34.13	485.98	224.77	905.05
斑鲆属未定种 Pseudorhombus sp.	6.12	26.16		33.61
缟虾虎鱼属未定种 Tridentiger sp.		3.31	61.85	30.10
灯笼鱼科未定种 Myctophidae sp.			1.75
黄鮟 Lophius litulon			15.13	1.61
狮子鱼属未定种 Liparidae sp.			55.07
牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceus			5.26	0.86
小眼绿鳍鱼 Chelidonichthys spinosus				4.82
鳄齿鱼 Champsodon capensis				1.60
木叶鲽 Pleuronichthys cornutus				52.15
中国花鲈 Lateolabrax maculatus				8.03

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表 3 各水层温盐度数据统计

Table 3. Statistics of water temperature and salinity at different water layers

水层 Water layer	水温 Water temperature/℃		盐度 Salinity
水层 Water layer	范围 Range	平均值 Average	范围 Range	平均值 Average
5 m	12.09~13.53	12.98±0.52	28.18~32.70	29.57±1.45
15 m	12.08~13.47	12.74±0.59	30.34~33.60	31.91±1.23
30 m	12.07~14.77	13.08±1.12	32.56~33.78	33.22±0.50
50 m	12.07~14.14	12.91±0.91	32.75~33.85	33.43±0.39

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