齐占会, 史荣君, 于宗赫, 徐淑敏, 韩婷婷, 徐姗楠, 黄洪辉. 滤食性贝类养殖对浮游生物的影响研究进展[J]. 南方水产科学, 2021, 17(3): 115-121. DOI: 10.12131/20200183
引用本文: 齐占会, 史荣君, 于宗赫, 徐淑敏, 韩婷婷, 徐姗楠, 黄洪辉. 滤食性贝类养殖对浮游生物的影响研究进展[J]. 南方水产科学, 2021, 17(3): 115-121. DOI: 10.12131/20200183
QI Zhanhui, SHI Rongjun, YU Zonghe, XU Shumin, HAN Tingting, XU Shannan, HUANG Honghui. Review of influences of filter-feeding bivalves aquaculture on planktonic community[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2021, 17(3): 115-121. DOI: 10.12131/20200183
Citation: QI Zhanhui, SHI Rongjun, YU Zonghe, XU Shumin, HAN Tingting, XU Shannan, HUANG Honghui. Review of influences of filter-feeding bivalves aquaculture on planktonic community[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2021, 17(3): 115-121. DOI: 10.12131/20200183

滤食性贝类养殖对浮游生物的影响研究进展

Review of influences of filter-feeding bivalves aquaculture on planktonic community

  • 摘要: 滤食性贝类是世界上产量最大的养殖种类,规模化养殖极大地增加了近岸水域中贝类的数量。贝类生理过程和养殖活动对海洋生态系统的影响是海洋生态学的重要研究领域。文章梳理了目前关于贝类对浮游生物影响的研究进展,总结了规模化贝类养殖对养殖区及毗连水域的浮游生物数量和群落结构的主要影响机制:贝类的滤食对浮游生物产生强烈的下行控制作用而降低浮游生物的数量;选择性捕食改变了浮游生物群落结构;贝类的排泄增加了水体中的营养元素,促进了浮游植物的生长;贝类的生物沉积则导致硅 (Si) 元素的沉积和埋藏,改变了生源要素的比例,对硅藻等浮游植物产生了限制;贝类养殖设施的阻流作用使浮游生物在养殖区的滞留时间延长,增加了浮游生物被捕食的概率;贝类养殖显著增加了海鞘等滤食性附着生物的数量,从而也对浮游生物产生了影响。此外,还提出了有待继续深入研究的科学问题。

     

    Abstract: Filter-feeding bivalves is one of the most productive species in the world. Large scale aquaculture has increased the number of shellfish in coastal waters greatly. The influences of bivalves' physiological processes and aquaculture activities on the marine ecosystem have drawn lots of attention from scientists. This paper summarizes the current research progress on the impact of shellfish on plankton, and conclude that the influences of bivalves aquaculture on plankton communities in farming areas and its adjacent area include: the filter feeding leads to a grazing pressure and exerts a ‘top-down’ control of planktonic communities in farming areas, resulting in a significant depletion of plankton concentration; selective predation changed plankton community structure; the excretion of shellfish increased the nutrient elements in the water and promoted the growth of phytoplankton; the biodeposition process lead to a deposition and burial of silicon (Si) which resulted in a change in biogenic elements ratio and a limit of diatom; the rearing infrastructures decreased the hydrodynamic and water flow velocity, and prolonged the residence time of plankton inside farming areas, which tends to increase the risk of predation of planktonic populations, reducing biomass and production; bivalves can increase the amount of fouling organisms and have an impact on plankton. Finally, the paper summarizes the scientific problems to be further studied.

     

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