Tempo-spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Daya Bay during 2010−2018
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摘要:
为了解大亚湾2010—2018年表层沉积物中重金属铜 (Cu)、铅 (Pb)、锌 (Zn) 的时空分布特征及其潜在生态风险，该研究于2010、2012、2015和2018年在大亚湾海域采集表层沉积物并进行分析研究。结果表明，近十年来大亚湾表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn的含量较稳定，未出现明显的增加，3种重金属的空间分布情况大致相同，高值区均集中于澳头至石化区一带的近岸海域。3种重金属间具有明显的同源性，沿岸工业企业排放以及澳头海域水产养殖等可能是近岸海域Cu、Pb和Zn的主要来源。沉积物中重金属污染程度为Zn>Cu>Pb，3种沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险为轻微程度。
Abstract:In order to understand the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) contents in the surface sediments of Daya Bay from 2010 to 2018, we collected and analyzed the surface sediments in Daya Bay in that period. The results show that the Cu, Pb and Zn contents in the surface sediments had been relatively stable in the past ten years without a significant increase. The spatial distribution of the three heavy metals was roughly the same with the high-value areas in the district from Aotou to the petrochemical area. The Cu, Pb and Zn presented a significant homology, mainly coming from coastal industrial enterprises and marine aquaculture in Aotou area. Their pollution degree showed a descending trend of Zn>Cu>Pb, and the overall potential ecological risk was slight.
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Keywords:
- Daya Bay /
- Sediments /
- Cu, Pb, Zn /
- Potential ecological risk assessment
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图 2 大亚湾沉积物中重金属质量分数变化情况
Figure 2. Changes of heavy metal mass fractions in sediments of Daya Bay
表 1 潜在生态风险评价等级
Table 1 Level of potential ecological risk assessment
序号
No.潜在生态风险系数
Er i潜在生态风险指数
RI等级
Level1 <30 <100 轻微 2 30~50 100~150 中等 3 50~100 150~200 较强 4 100~150 200~300 很强 5 ≥150 ≥300 极强 
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表 2 大亚湾表层沉积物中重金属质量分数
Table 2 Mass fractions of heavy metals in sediments from Daya Bay
mg·kg−1 年份
Year监测值
Monitoring data监测项目
Monitoring indicator铜 Cu 铅 Pb 锌 Zn 2010 范围 4.5~30.0 16.0~53.0 26.1~105.0 均值±标准差 15.4±6.9 32.7±9.3 72.9±22.1 2012 范围 2.5~35.9 8.4~55.3 41.8~154.0 均值±标准差 16.1±9.2 37.4±13.9 110.6±37.5 2015 范围 6.4~110.0 20.0~45.8 44.0~112.0 均值±标准差 22.8±26.2 31.7±7.0 81.9±23.2 2018 范围 8.5~58.7 21.6~44.8 50.2~116.0 均值±标准差 18.9±13.3 33.2±6.2 83.1±19.6
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表 3 沉积物中重金属评价结果汇总
Table 3 Summary of heavy metal evaluation results in sediments
年份
Year污染指数 Cji 综合污染指数
Cd潜在生态风险系数 Eri 潜在生态风险指数
RI铜 Cu 铅 Pb 锌 Zn 铜 Cu 铅 Pb 锌 Zn 2010 2.39 1.51 2.80 6.70 11.96 7.54 2.80 22.30 2012 2.50 1.73 4.25 8.48 12.50 8.63 4.25 25.38 2015 3.54 1.46 3.15 8.15 17.70 7.31 3.15 28.16 2018 2.93 1.53 3.19 7.65 14.67 7.66 3.19 25.52
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表 4 沉积物中重金属相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of heavy metals in sediments
年份
Year要素
Factor铜
Cu铅
Pb锌
Zn备注
Note2010 Cu 1.000 n=15 Pb 0.884** 1.000 Zn 0.742** 0.856** 1.000 2012 Cu 1.000 n=20 Pb 0.845** 1.000 Zn 0.869** 0.899** 1.000 2015 Cu 1.000 n=13 Pb 0.400 1.000 Zn 0.563* 0.884** 1.000 2018 Cu 1.000 n=13 Pb 0.815** 1.000 Zn 0.824** 0.976** 1.000 注：*. 显著相关；**. 极显著相关 Note: *. Significant correlation; **. Very significant correlation
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表 5 大亚湾与其他海域沉积物中重金属含量对比
Table 5 Comparison of heavy metals contents in sediments of Daya Bay and other seas
采样时间
Sampling time地点
Areaw(Cu)/(mg·kg−1) w(Pb)/(mg·kg−1) w(Zn)/(mg·kg−1) 参考文献
References/ 大亚湾背景值 6.44 21.67 26.01 [25] 2018 大亚湾 8.5~58.7 (18.90) 21.6~44.8 (33.20) 50.2~116.0 (83.10) 本研究 2015 大亚湾 6.4~110.0 (22.80) 20.0~45.8 (31.70) 44.0~112.0 (81.90) 本研究 2015 大亚湾 8.0~40.5 (23.60) 6.3~56.5 (33.20) 22.4~149.0 (88.60) [21] 2015 大亚湾 1.3~47.4 (13.90) 3.7~61.2 (29.10) 37.3~175 (82.30) [22] 2012 大亚湾 2.5~35.9 (16.10) 8.4~55.3 (37.40) 41.8~154.0 (110.60) 本研究 2011 大亚湾 6.12~22.50 (10.90) 20.31~80.96 (44.18) 31.54~87.25 (59.34) [15] 2010 大亚湾 4.5~30.0 (15.40) 16.0~53.0 (32.70) 26.1~105.0 (72.90) 本研究 2008 大亚湾 1.00~39.50 (16.46) 11.00~56.00 (37.01) 13.00~125.00 (87.81) [14] 2006—2007 大亚湾 2.61~64.68 (12.46) 11.52~45.95 (28.50) 30.58~85.07 (61.76) [23] 2014—2016 珠江口 44.38 49.94 153.27 [29] 2014—2016 粤东 17.76 37.08 73.37 [29] 2016 莱州湾 3.98~23.1 (11.90) 5.22~19.7 (12.10) 26.3~81.7 (45.30) [38] 2016 厦门海域 5.1~44.5 (26.70) 19.0~82.5 (48.00) 30.5~233.0 (136.60) [39] 2015 胶州湾 5.5~120.0 (38.80) 17.8~325.0 (55.20) 15.2~347.0 (107.40) [40] 注：括号内为均值 Note: Means are in parentheses.
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