Forecasting fishing ground of mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in Arabian Sea based on habitat suitability index
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摘要:
为了更好地了解和可持续开发利用阿拉伯海澳洲鲐 (Scomber australasicus) 资源，采用2016—2017年1、2、11和12月主渔汛期间我国公海围网渔船在阿拉伯海的鲐鱼生产数据，结合海表温度 (Sea surface temperature, SST)、混合层厚度 (Mixed-layer thickness, MLT)、海面高度异常 (Sea level anomaly, SLA)、叶绿素a浓度 (Chlorophyll-a concentration, CHL) 环境数据，分别构建了以渔获量 (Fish catch, FC) 和作业次数 (Fishing times, FT) 为基础的栖息地指数 (Habitat suitability index, HSI) 模型： FC-HSI和FT-HSI模型。在HIS>0.6的海域，2016和2017年实际渔获量占比分别为76.25%和80.03%。利用2018年的实际生产数据对模型进行预报准确度验证，得出在HIS>0.6的海域，实际渔获量占比分别为45.68%和50.15%，FT-HSI模型的预报结果优于FC-HSI模型。结果表明，基于SST、MLT、SLA、CHL的FT-HSI模型能够较好地预测阿拉伯海鲐鱼的中心渔场。
Abstract:In order to better understand and sustainably develop and utilize the mackerel (Scomber australasicus) resources in the Arabian Sea, according to the Chinese light purse seine production data of mackerel in the high sea of the Arabian Sea during the main fishing seasons (January, February, October and November) from 2016 to 2017, combining with the environmental data of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level anomaly (SLA), mixed-layer thickness (MLT), chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL), we established the habitat suitability index (HSI) models, which were based on catch (FC) and fishing times (FT), FC-HSI model and FT-HSI mo-del. In the sea area with HSI greater than 0.6, the actual catches in 2016 and 2017 accounted for 76.25% and 80.03%, respectively. Using the actual production data in 2018 to verify the prediction accuracy of FC-HSI and FT-HSI models, it is found that in the sea area with HSI greater than 0.6, the actual catches accounted for 45.68% and 50.15%, respectively, which indicates that the prediction result of FT-HSI model was slightly better than that of FC-HSI model. This study shows that the FT-HSI model based on SST, MLT, SLA and CHL can better predict the central fishing ground of mackerel in the Arabian Sea.
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Keywords:
- Scomber australasicus /
- Habitat suitability index /
- Fishery forecast /
- Arabian Sea
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图 1 2016—2018年阿拉伯海鲐鱼月产量
Figure 1. Monthly catches of S. australasicus in Arabian Sea during 2016–2018
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图 2 阿拉伯海鲐鱼渔场海表温度、混合层厚度、海面高度异常、叶绿素 a适应性指数曲线
Figure 2. SI curves of SST, MLT, SLA, CHL for fishing ground of S. australasicus
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图 3 各因子适应值区间和最适值
Figure 3. Suitable value range and most suitable value for each factor
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图 4 2018年阿拉伯海鲐鱼实际作业渔场与以作业次数为基础HSI模型预报结果对比
Figure 4. Comparison of practical fishing ground of S. australasicus and forecast result of HSI model based on fishing times
表 1 2016－2017年以渔获量为基础的各因子适应性指数模型
Table 1 SI model for each factor based on fish catches during 2016–2017
月份
MonthSST的适应性指数
SISSTMLT的适应性指数
SIMLTSLA的适应性指数
SISLACHL的适应性指数
SICHL1 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 26.192 \; 2} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.388 \; 0}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 55.864 \; 8} \right)}^2}}}{{{{6.983 \; 6}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 1.287 \; 4} \right)}^2}}}{{{{4.924 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 1.216 \; 2} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.182 \; 6}^2}}}}}$ 2 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 25.796 \; 2} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.441 \; 1}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 45.092 \; 5} \right)}^2}}}{{{{12.363 \; 2}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 0.922 \; 1} \right)}^2}}}{{{{5.656 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 0.985 \; 1} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.209 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ 11 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 27.734 \; 6} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.541 \; 2}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 28.730 \; 2} \right)}^2}}}{{{{4.532 \; 4}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 4.793 \; 8} \right)}^2}}}{{{{8.247 \; 9}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 1.102 \; 4} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.286 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ 12 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 26.582 \; 3} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.695 \; 6}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 42.042 \; 8} \right)}^2}}}{{{{7.533 \; 1}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 2.482 \; 0} \right)}^2}}}{{{{7.711 \; 7}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 1.140 \; 9} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.214 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ 
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表 2 2016－2017年以作业次数为基础的各因子适应性指数模型
Table 2 SI model for each factor based on fishing times during 2016–2017
月份
MonthSST的适应性指数
SISSTMLT的适应性指数
SIMLTSLA的适应性指数
SISLACHL的适应性指数
SICHL1 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 26.061 \; 5} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.351 \; 9}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 55.604 \; 8} \right)}^2}}}{{{{6.597 \; 4}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 1.691 \; 5} \right)}^2}}}{{{{5.498 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 1.150 \; 0} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.267 \; 2}^2}}}}}$ 2 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 25.736 \; 0} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.371 \; 6}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 42.193 \; 5} \right)}^2}}}{{{{9.849 \; 2}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 0.043 \; 3} \right)}^2}}}{{{{5.308 \; 9}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 0.987 \; 1} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.195 \; 0}^2}}}}}$ 11 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 27.712 \; 7} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.533 \; 7}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 28.574 \; 4} \right)}^2}}}{{{{4.453 \; 0}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 5.039 \; 2} \right)}^2}}}{{{{8.235 \; 2}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 1.052 \; 4} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.312 \; 7}^2}}}}}$ 12 ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 26.418 \; 0} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.591 \; 5}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x - 44.049 \; 8} \right)}^2}}}{{{{10.173 \; 3}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 0.494 \; 4} \right)}^2}}}{{{{10.509 \; 6}^2}}}}}$ ${\rm{SI}} = {{\rm{e}}^{ - \frac{{{{\left( {x + 1.074 \; 6} \right)}^2}}}{{{{0.210 \; 0}^2}}}}}$
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表 3 以渔获量和作业次数为基础的SI模型的拟合优度和差异性分析
Table 3 Goodness-of-fit of SI models and P values based on fish catches and fishing times
月份
Month以渔获量为基础的SI模型
Based on fish catches以作业次数为基础的SI模型
Based on fishing timesR2 P R2 P 1 SISST 0.807 0.001 04 SISST 0.932 0.000 05 SIMLT 0.823 0.003 93 SIMLT 0.954 0.000 16 SISLA 0.328 0.003 17 SISLA −0.048 0.015 10 SICHL 0.999 <0.000 01 SICHL 0.998 <0.000 01 2 SISST 0.909 0.000 47 SISST 0.843 0.001 65 SIMLT 0.735 0.016 90 SIMLT 0.887 0.003 49 SISLA 0.931 0.000 02 SISLA 0.964 <0.000 01 SICHL 0.968 <0.000 01 SICHL 0.944 <0.000 01 11 SISST 0.979 0.000 03 SISST 0.964 0.000 11 SIMLT 0.752 0.002 25 SIMLT 0.791 0.002 33 SISLA 0.993 <0.000 01 SISLA 0.986 <0.000 01 SICHL 0.909 0.002 15 SICHL 0.821 0.005 06 12 SISST 0.965 0.000 01 SISST 0.893 0.000 19 SIMLT 0.94 <0.000 01 SIMLT 0.948 <0.000 01 SISLA 0.867 0.000 67 SISLA 0.828 0.001 30 SICHL 0.989 <0.000 01 SICHL 0.994 <0.000 01
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表 4 2016—2017年各模型的权重系数
Table 4 Weights for SI of four environment factors during 2016–2017
SI来源
Source of SI权重
Weight1月
January2月
February11月
November12月
December平均
Mean渔获量 Catches d 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.312 6 0.000 0 0.078 1 e 0.113 7 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.380 0 0.123 4 f 0.000 0 0.094 5 0.118 1 0.620 0 0.208 1 g 0.886 3 0.905 5 0.569 3 0.000 0 0.590 3 作业次数 Fishing times d 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.310 5 0.000 0 0.077 6 e 0.110 2 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.004 9 0.028 8 f 0.000 0 0.144 9 0.075 7 0.681 5 0.225 5 g 0.889 8 0.855 1 0.613 8 0.313 6 0.668 1
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表 5 2016—2017年不同综合栖息地指数级别下实际产量所占比重
Table 5 Percentage of practical catches at different levels of HSI during 2016–2017
% HSI来源
Source of HSIHSI级别
HSI level实际渔获产量占比 Proportion of practical fish catches 1月
January2月
February11月
November12月
December平均
Mean渔获量 Catches [0,0.3) 22.26 14.38 0.17 5.51 10.58 [0.3,0.6) 4.67 26.52 5.00 16.47 13.17 [0.6,1] 73.07 59.10 94.83 78.01 76.25 作业次数 Fishing times [0,0.3) 15.51 20.11 0.17 0.25 9.01 [0.3,0.6) 5.88 24.65 2.14 11.15 10.96 [0.6,1] 78.61 55.24 97.69 88.60 80.03
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表 6 2018年不同综合栖息地指数级别下和实际产量所占比重
Table 6 Percentage of practical catches at different levels of HSI in 2018
% HSI 来源
Source of HSIHSI 级别
HSI level实际渔获产量占比 Proportion of practical fish catches 1月
January2月
February11月
November12月
December平均
Mean渔获量 Catches [0,0.3) 13.25 19.45 18.15 2.3 13.29 [0.3,0.6) 31.18 28.02 66.44 38.51 41.04 [0.6,1] 55.57 52.54 15.41 59.19 45.68 作业次数 Fishing times [0,0.3) 1.47 22.00 18.15 19.23 15.21 [0.3,0.6) 28.95 36.79 66.51 6.29 34.64 [0.6,1] 69.58 41.21 15.35 74.47 50.15
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