Abstract: We examined the genetic diversity of 19 Bahaba flavolabiata samples collected from the Pearl River estuary based on microsatellite markers, so as to provide references for the identification of its germplasm resources and future breeding. The results show that the number of alleles (N_a) in each of the 29 microsatellite loci was 2−7, with a total number of 121 alleles. The average number of alleles in each locus was 4.17. The effective number of alleles (N_e) was 1.060 6−6.056 1, with a sum of 85.205 0. The average values of the observed heterozygosity (H_o) and the expected heterozygosity (H_e) were 0.659 3 and 0.597 3, respectively. The value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.055 5−0.813 7, with an average of 0.542 3, and 19 loci showed high polymorphism. Five loci deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (corrected P≤0.036). The allelic richness (R_s) was 2−6.976, with a sum of 119.638. The genetic diversity (GD) was 0.059−0.856. It is suggested that most of the SSR loci developed in this study are highly polymorphic, and the genetic diversity of B. flavolabiata population is at a higher level.