Abstract: In order to fully understand the pesticide residues of river crab (Eriocheir sinensis) cultured in rice fields in northeast China, a total of 42 pesticide residues were determined in E. sinensis obtained from major integrated rice-crab aquaculture field in Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang Provinces in northeast China by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Index of food safety (IFS) method was used for health risk assessment. Fourteen pesticides, such as β-HCH, p, p′-DDE, oxyfluorfen, butachlor, acetochlor and atrazine were found in the samples. The other 28 pesticides were not detected. β-HCH (89.3%) and p, p′-DDE (82.1%) were the most frequently detected residues. The maximum residues were found in oxyfluorfen (256 μg·kg^–1) and butachlor (185 μg·kg^–1). The IFS value of detected pesticides were all less than 1 and the average \overline \rmIFS was 0.000 7. The health risk of pesticide residues in river crab from rice field in northeast China is at safe level.