Abstract: The intestinal structure and function of microbial flora, which play an important role in shrimp growth, are closely related to the physiological process of nutrition metabolism, energy balance, immune defense and gastrointestinal development, and are essential to maintain the stability of internal environment. The paper reviews the nutrition, digestion, immune and physiological function of shrimp intestinal microbial flora, analyzes the influence factors of the shrimp intestinal microbial flora structure and composition, and introduces the main research method of shrimp structure of shrimp intestinal microbial flora, so as to put forward the prospects of its application in shrimp aquaculture.