斑点叉尾NFDAC鱼骨制取胶原蛋白和骨粉的试验研究

Study on the extraction of collagen from channel catfish bone and bone meal

  • 摘要: 鱼骨中蛋白质的存在会影响骨钙的吸收,将鱼骨中的蛋白提取出来加以利用,钙质保留在骨中,既充分利用了鱼骨中的蛋白质成分,又使高钙成分利于吸收,可以实现资源利用的“零废弃”。试验在4℃条件下,斑点叉尾NFDAA (长吻NFDAA,Ictalurus punctatus)鱼骨先用0.1 mol·L-1的NaOH浸泡6 h,再用2.5%NaCl浸泡6 h去除杂蛋白,用10%的异丙醇溶液去除脂肪,0.1 mol·L-1的柠檬酸浸提3 d能较好的提取胶原蛋白,无色无味,提取率可达11.87%。粗提液再经盐析、透析可得到纯度较高的胶原蛋白制品。鱼骨胶原蛋白溶液的粘度随着蛋白浓度的增大而增大,其变性温度为33.9℃。SDS-PAGE试验结果表明,提取的NFDAA鱼骨胶原具有较高的纯度,含有2条α链,β链含量较高。提取胶原后的NFDAA鱼骨粉钙含量可达60%,作为钙添加剂加到饼干中,不会对饼干的口感和味道造成显著性差异,是良好的钙添加剂,可用于食品再加工。

     

    Abstract: Protein in fish bones will affect the absorption of calcium. If protein was extracted from fish bones and calcium was retained in the bones, not only the protein can be used separately, but also the high calcium can be more easily absorbed. So we can achieve the vision of " zero waste" in the use of resources. In this paper we chose different reagents to extract collagen from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus bones and partially characterized the collagen. The results showed that under the condition of 4℃, non-collagens could be removed completely from fish bones by soaking in 0.1 M NaOH for 6 hours followed by 2.5% NaCl for 6 hours; lipids could be removed by soaking with 10% butyl alcohol. Then colorless and tasteless collagens were extracted with 0.1 M citric acid for 3 days, and the extraction ratio was 11.87%. The extracts were purified further by salting-out and dialyzing. The viscosity of collagen increased as the concentration was condensed and the temperature for denaturation was 33.9℃. SDS-PAGE showed that the collagens were composed of two α chains and one β chain. The content of Ca in bone was high up to 60%. The bone meal with protein free was added in biscuits and didn′t cause taste and smell difference. So it could be used in food processing as a good calcium additive.

     

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